<p>The First National Bank of Mankato, also known as the Old First National Bank of Mankato and located at 229 South Front Street in Mankato, Minnesota, United States, is a fine example of Prairie School architecture in a commercial building, relating rural life to the development of downtown Mankato as a regional center of commerce and finance. The recently restored exterior is now part of the Mankato Civic Center, the Verizon Wireless Center.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Mankato was settled by Whites beginning in 1852, on land previously occupied by the indigenous Sisseton (“Lake Village”) Dakota Sioux until they were forced to cede it under the Treaty of Traverse des Sioux of 1851. Experiencing rapid growth, Mankato sprouted quarries, industries, stores, hotels, and other commercial concerns. "Perhaps most crucial to these businesses, and to the farmers in Blue Earth County, were Mankato’s banks."</p><br>
<p>The First National Bank of Mankato was one of the three competing financial institutions in the early 20th Century, along with the Citizens’ National Bank and the Mankato State Bank (earlier Mankato National Bank). First National had already been the target of the famous aborted robbery attempt by Jesse James and the James-Younger Gang in 1876, which immediately preceded their defeat at Northfield.</p><br>
<p>The building eventually built by Ellerbe and Round for the First National Bank involves a likely case of stolen designs. Looking for a new building, First National officials approached Carl K. Bennett of Owatonna, Minnesota, who connected them with the famous Minneapolis-based architectural firm of Purcell and Elmslie in 1912. According to several accounts, Purcell and Elmslie drew extensive sketches for the proposed building which they left with the bank officials. Later informed by mail that the bank would not be using them, they requested that the sketches be returned. The sketches were, but only after a delay of many weeks, during which time the bank hired Ellerbe and Round to be their architects.</p><br>
<p>It appears that their 1913 design made extensive use of the Purcell and Elmslie sketches. Purcell and Elmslie even received several congratulatory letters from people familiar with their work who had assumed the design was theirs. Although the design closely follows the Purcell and Elmslie design, Ellerbe and Round did eliminate the landscaped forecourt and a deep arch at the front.</p><br>
<p>Ellerbe and Round would go on to become famous for designing a number of structures for the Mayo Clinic, including the original "Red" Building of 1914.</p><br>
<p>Originally occupying the prominent corner of Front Street South and West Hickory Street, the First National Bank building was threatened with demolition. Instead, the exterior has been restored and incorporated into the south side of the Verizon Wireless Center as one of the center&#39;s event spaces. With that portion of Front Street gone, the restored bank exterior can now be accessed at approximately 105 West Hickory Street.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The First National Bank building includes Mankato limestone, brick, and terra cotta in a manner similar to that of the "jewel box" banks of Louis Sullivan or the banks of his former employees, William Gray Purcell and George Elmslie. The brick building&#39;s architectural features include Frank Lloyd Wright-inspired stained glass windows and intricate ornamentation at the roof-line.</p><br>
<p>Even though David Gebhard and Tom Martinson conclude that the resulting building lacks the "liveliness" of a work by Sullivan or by Purcell and Elmslie, they consider it "a good academic exercise in the Prairie Style" and "the most important single building in Mankato."</p><br>
<p>The Vyya  is a river in Pinezhsky and Verkhnetoyemsky Districts of Arkhangelsk Oblast in Russia. It is a left tributary of the Pinega River. The length of the river is 181 km. The area of its basin 2,710 km&sup2;. Its main tributaries are the Churova , Pyshega , and Tineva  Rivers.</p><br>
<p>The Vyya flows over the hilly landscape of the plain between the valleys of the Northern Dvina and the Pinega, in the conifer forests.</p><br>
<p>The source of the Vyya is located in the southern part of Pinezhsky District. The Vyya initially flows to the south and enters Verkhnetoyemsky District. The upper Vyya is not populated. The first village on Vyya is Vasilevo. Downstream of Vasilevo, the Vyya accepts the right tributary the Churova and turns north-east, then east. In the village of Tineva it accepts Tineva River, a major left tributary. Downstream of Tineva, a number of villages are located in the valley of the Vyya. The mouth of the Vyya is located in the village of Ust-Vyyskaya in Verkhnetoyemsky District, 546 km upstream from the mouth of the Pinega.</p><br>
<p>The Ilesha  is a river in Verkhnetoyemsky and Krasnoborsky Districts of Arkhangelsk Oblast and in Udorsky District of Komi Republic in Russia. It is a right tributary of the Pinega River. The length of the river is 204 km. The area of its basin 2,250 km&sup2;. Its main tributary is the Pinegskaya Yentala .</p><br>
<p>The Ilesha flows over the hilly landscape, in the conifer forests (taiga).</p><br>
<p>The source of the Ilesha is located in the north-eastern part of Verkhnetoyemsky District. The Ilesha initially flows to the south-east, enters briefly Udorsky District, turns south, enters briefly Krasnoborsky District, and then turns south-west and reenters Verkhnetoyemsky District. Upstream of the mouth of the Pinegskaya Yentala the Ilesha is also known as the Malaya Ilesha, which means The Lesser Ilesha. Downstream of the confluence with the Pinegskaya Yentala the Ilesha flows west, and eventually turns north-west. The valley of the Ilesha is very little populated, with the only village of Krasnaya located in the valley, and a number of alone-standing houses seasonally used by hunters. The village of Ust-Ilesha in the mouth of the river has lost all its population and is currently a ghost village. The mouth of the Ilesha is located 619 km upstream from the mouth of the Pinega.</p><br>
<p>MacNaughton Mountain is a mountain located in Essex County, New York, named after James MacNaughton , the grandson of Archibald McIntyre.</p><br>
<p>The mountain is part of the Street Range of the Adirondack Mountains.</p><br>
<p>The western slopes and north end of MacNaughton Mountain drain into Preston Ponds and Duck Hole pond, the source of the Cold River, which drains into the Raquette River, the Saint Lawrence River in Canada, and into the Gulf of Saint Lawrence.</p><br>
<p>The eastern slopes and south end of MacNaughton Mtn. drain into the southern Indian Pass Brook, thence into Henderson Lake, the source of the Hudson River, and into New York Bay.</p><br>
<p>MacNaughton Mountain is within the High Peaks Wilderness Area of New York&#39;s Adirondack Park.</p><br>
<p>According to early surveys, MacNaughton Mountain&#39;s elevation was 3,976 ft, short of the 4,000 ft needed to qualify it as one of the Adirondack High Peaks. According to the 1953 survey, the mountain did reach that height, while four of the 46 peaks on the list fell short. MacNaughton Mountain is in the southeast corner. However, the list was kept the same because those were the original 46.</p><br>
<p>Since then, a survey has measured the elevation at exactly 3,983 ft.</p><br>
<p>Because it is not one of the officially-recognized Adirondack High Peaks and it does not offer notable views, MacNaughton is not climbed as frequently as many other mountains. There is no maintained trail or clear herd path for most of the climb from the end of the nearest trail at Wallface Pond.</p><br>
<p>The Fredrika Bremer Intermediate School or Bremer School is a historic former school building in the Camden region of Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States. It is considered Minneapolis&#39;s oldest intact school building, whose original section was constructed 1886–87. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places for its significance in architecture and education, representing the 19th-century emphasis on education through its castle-like design and its origin during a frenzy of construction by Minneapolis Public Schools.</p><br>
<p>Construction on Bremer School began in 1886, a period of rapid population expansion in Minneapolis. Initially the school housed grades 1–3 for 70 students. The school was nearly identical in design to two other Minneapolis schools, Calhoun School and Peabody School. The original structure had eight classrooms, but the building was expanded upon several times throughout its nearly 100-year life as a school. East and west wings were added on either side of the original section in 1897, and a gymnasium was added to the rear in 1910, joined by an addition to the northwest in 1916. The Folwell neighborhood building was constructed of light brick and limestone and featured several turrets and towers. Its namesake, Fredrika Bremer (1801–1865) was a Swedish novelist who traveled to Minnesota and wrote about women&#39;s rights. The building has now been converted for use as residential condominia.</p><br>
<p>The Taymyr Gulf  is a gulf in the Kara Sea that includes the estuary of the Lower Taymyr River.</p><br>
<p>The estuary proper is frozen for about nine months in a year and even in summer it is never quite free of ice floes.</p><br>
<p>Fishes like the golets and the muksun are very common in its waters.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The estuary opens roughly northwestwise from the western coast of the Taymyr Peninsula into the eastern expanses of the Kara Sea, widening from about 4 km at the river&#39;s mouth to about 20 km. Its length, including the wider gulf, is about 50 km, and its width roughly 40 km.</p><br>
<p>Taymyr Island is located about 60 km westwards from the mouth of the estuary. Beyond Cape Oscar, the headland of the Oscar Peninsula that limits the gulf to the northeast, lies the Toll Bay.</p><br>
<p>The climate in the desolate area of the Taymyr Gulf is severe, with long and bitter winters and frequent blizzards and gales.</p><br>
<h3>Islands</h3><br>
<p>The most important islands in the Taymyr Gulf are the following:</p><br>
<p>Chelyuskin Island is the first island at the mouth of the gulf.</p><br>
<p>Bera Island or Baer Island (Остров Бера) is 3.5 km long. It is located in the middle of the mouth of the gulf, about 13 km from the Kara Sea 76&deg;13&prime;N latitude, 99&deg;22&prime;E longitude. This island was named after Baltic-German scholar Karl Ernst von Baer. Baer made important contributions to the research of Arctic meteorology between 1830 and 1840.</p><br>
<p>The Nanosnyye Islands are four small islands, the largest of which is 5 km long and 2 km wide. They are located in the mouth of the estuary, right at the opening of the gulf.</p><br>
<p>Fomin Island (Остров Фомин) is 11.5 km long and 3.7 km wide. It is located deep within the estuary, dividing the last stretch of the Taymyr River into two branches. 75&deg;52&prime;N latitude, 99&deg;46&prime;E longitude. This island was named after early Russian Arctic explorer Nikifor Fomin.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the 1740s, during the Great Northern Expedition, Nikifor Fomin reached Bera Island and built a hut in order to winter there.</p><br>
<p>The Taymyr Gulf and its islands were explored by Alexander von Middendorff during his expedition to Siberia (1842–1845). Bera Island was the farthest northern point he reached after exploring the Taymyr River from the south towards its estuary in August 1843.</p><br>
<p>Baron Eduard von Toll during his last expedition, the Russian Polar Expedition of 1900-1903, explored the mouth of the Taymyr Gulf. Toll found a quartz boulder on Bera Island that had been described by Middendorff. He also found the remains of Nikifor Fomin&#39;s hut.</p><br>
<p>Nowadays the Taymyr Gulf is part of the Great Arctic State Nature Reserve, the largest nature reserve of Russia.</p><br>
<h2>Administration</h2><br>
<p>The Taymyr Gulf and all its surrounding area belongs to the Krasnoyarsk Krai administrative division of the Russian Federation.</p><br>
<p>The Poughkeepsie Savings Bank building is located at 21-23 Market Street in the city of that name in the USA state of New York. It was the third home of that bank, the first in the city, chartered in 1831 by William Davies, on that site. After 20 years on nearby Main Street, the bank bought one of its current lots and built. In 1870 the adjacent lot was purchased and the building expanded yet again, reopening anew two years later. In 1911 the bank&#39;s success led it to commission a completely new building from the firm of Mowbray and Uffinger, who had designed many bank buildings across the Eastern states.</p><br>
<p>They delivered a Classical Revival building, with slightly trapezoidal walls reflecting the constraints of the site. Its front facade, made of Pennsylvania marble on a granite base, uses two Ionic order columns flanked by Doric pilasters. The deeply recessed entryway and vestibule is done in cast bronze and ornamental glass.</p><br>
<p>Inside, the main banking room is a 40 by 40 foot (12 m by 12 m) with 60-foot (18 m) ceilings, with Ionic pilasters and a continuous entablature rising from a white marble floor (currently carpeted) and red marble wainscot. At the time it opened, it also had a skylight and 19 by 17½-foot (6 by 5 m) stained glass window by Philadelphias DAscenzo Studios commemorating the Half Moon on Henry Hudsons journey up the river named for him and Robert Fultons pioneering steamboat journey up the river on the Clermont. The overall effect was to cast the building as a temple of commerce.</p><br>
<p>Originally the tellers counter was a U-shaped extension from the south wall, to allow customer interaction on all three sides. In 1931, Uffinger, Foster & Bookwalter, successor firm to the original architects, was retained to modernize the floor plan, and extended the counter to enclose the buildings northeast corner, but otherwise made no significant alterations. The south wall was opened in 1948 to allow the use of the adjoining building as office space. Nine years later the interior underwent renovations that blocked the skylight and obscured the stained glass. Interior lighting thereafter came from chandeliers, which were themselves replaced after two decades.</p><br>
<p>At that time, the building was meant to be included in Poughkeepsie&#39;s first Multiple Property Submission (MPS) to the National Register of Historic Places, but the bank objected. Later, after it had changed its name to Bank of the Hudson and moved its headquarters elsewhere while retaining the building as a branch, it dropped the objection and the building was added in 1998 as part of a later MPS. The bank itself has since been acquired by TD Banknorth, which used it as a branch office until the early 2010s.</p><br>
<p>In 2016 it was the local headquarters for the Bernie Sanders presidential campaign during the weeks before the New York primary. Volunteers decorated the vault with crime scene tape, and pasted on it a quotation from the candidate: "If a bank is too big to fail, it is too big to exist."</p><br>
<p>Andalusia, also known as the Nicholas Biddle Estate, is a historic mansion and estate located on the Delaware River, just north of Philadelphia, in Bensalem Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania. The community surrounding it, Andalusia, takes its name from the 225-acre estate.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The original house was built in 1794 by John Craig, who named it after the Andalusia region of Spain. Craig hired architect Benjamin Latrobe to expand the house in 1806 in a Greek Revival style. In 1811, Craig&#39;s daughter Jane married prominent financier Nicholas Biddle (1786–1844). Biddle and architect Thomas U. Walter expanded the house into a mansion in 1834–36. Walter is best known for his design for the dome of the United States Capitol.</p><br>
<p>Their most dramatic addition was a two-and-a-half-story wing, surrounded on three sides by massive Doric columns, that thrust southward toward the river. This contained twin parlors on the main floor, divided by pocket doors that could be opened to create a single room. The wing ended in a portico, one that has become an icon of Greek Revival architecture. Across the north façade, a two-story block of new rooms created a grand entrance and service spaces. Some of Latrobe&#39;s 1806 spaces were retained in the 1830s alterations, including twin rooms with semi-octagonal ends.</p><br>
<p>Notable Biddle family members include Nicholas&#39;s brother Commodore James Biddle (1783–1848), son Congressman Charles John Biddle (1819–1873), great-grandson and aviator Charles John Biddle (1890–1972), and great-great-grandson and National Trust for Historic Preservation president James "Jimmy" Biddle (1929–2005). The property remains in the Biddle family.</p><br>
<p>The house was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1966. According to the National Park Service, "Andalusia is one of the earliest and most pristine examples of the Greek Revival style in the country." Today it is operated as a house museum.</p><br>
<p>__NOTOC__</p><br>
<p>Western Area Forest Reserve, also known as the Western Area Peninsula Forest Reserve, is a non-hunting forest reserve in Sierra Leone. The area became a forest reserve in 1916 and has an area of 17,688 hectare. It was demarcated by Charles Lane Poole, Sierra Leone&#39;s first ever &#39;Conservator of Forests,&#39; and founder of the Sierra Leonean Forestry Department. It is the westernmost semi-deciduous closed canopy forest in Sierra Leone. The forest is home to various endangered species, including a wide variety of endangered birds and Duiker.</p><br>
<p>Despite its protected status, the reserve has suffered from continuous deforestation, predominantly due to urban encroachment and related activities, a trend only exasperated by the civil war.</p><br>
<p>A detailed deforestation study with a subsequent re-demarcation proposal has been conducted by the WAPFoR project. Results have been presented to the Government of Sierra Leone.</p><br>
<p>There have been proposals to upgrade the reserve&#39;s status to a national park, and it is listed on some maps as the "Western Area National Park". Its status appears to remain "proposed". The Government of Sierra Leone has published the "Statutory Instrument, Supplement to the Sierra Leone Gazette Vol. CXLIII, No.69 dated 29 November 2012, Proclamation For the Constitution of the Western Area Peninsula National Park" (available in hardcopy only in the Government Bookshop Freetown) according to the boundaries defined by the WAPFoR Project. Furthermore UNESCO has accepted the Western Area Peninsula National Park’s application as tentative site as UNESCO World Heritage together with Tiwai Island and Gola Forest National Park.</p><br>
<h2>Tacugama Chimpanzee Sanctuary</h2><br>
<p>The Reserve is home to the Tacugama Chimpanzee Sanctuary which was founded in 1995 by Bala Amarasekaran, seven years after he and his wife Sharmila saw a baby chimpanzee for sale by the roadside north of the capital Freetown. The couple bought the chimpanzee for $30 and soon discovered that many other chimpanzees are kept as pets and often mistreated. The sanctuary cares for these abused, orphaned and abandoned animals and offers them a new home, and as capacity becomes stretched, also educates among Sierra Leoneans about protecting chimpanzees in the wild. More than 2,000 local rural school children visit the 100 acre site every year.</p><br>
<p>The Church of the Mediator is an historic church in Micanopy, Florida which was built in 1874 as a Presbyterian church but since 1966 has been an Episcopal church. It is a contributing property in the Micanopy Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The church was built in 1874 to serve a Presbyterian congregation that dated back to 1854. Presbyterian services continued in the church until the 1960s. In 1966, the property was acquired for an Episcopal mission which started services in the building on October 16, 1966. The name Church of the Mediator was chosen for the new mission to remember the Episcopal church of that name that existed in Micanopy from 1857 to the 1910s, and whose building at another location in Micanopy was torn down in the 1920s.</p><br>
<h2>Current use</h2><br>
<p>The Church of the Mediator is still active in the Episcopal Diocese of Florida. Its current vicar is the Rev. Lester Singleton.</p><br>
<p>The Henry Antes House is a historic house museum at 318 Colonial Road, in Upper Frederick Township Montgomery County, Pennsylvania. Built in 1736 by Henry Antes, it is a particularly high-quality example of a Moravian settlement house, with intact original interior finishes. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1992, and is now operated as a museum by Goschenhoppen Historians, a local preservation group.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Henry Antes House stands in a rural setting, roughly midway between Pottstown and Perkiomenville on the south side of Colonial Road a short way east of its crossing of Swamp Creek. It is a two-story structure, built out of local rubblestone and covered by a gabled roof. It is two bays wide and one deep, with the entrance in the leftmost bay of the front facade. Ground-floor openings for doors and windows are topped by segmented-arch stone headers, while those on the second floor are butted against the eaves on the long sides and topped by arches on the short sides. Small windows in the gable ends also have arched tops. The roof is made of wooden shingles.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was designed and built by Henry Antes in 1736. It stands today as an example of Moravian settlement houses, in particular of a German three-room plan house. The house is unusual because so much of its original interior finish, including ceilings and board partition walls, have survived. Henry Antes, while largely unknown now, was an important regional religious and political figure of the 18th century, and one of the region&#39;s best-known master builders.</p><br>
<p>In the American Revolutionary War, the house served as headquarters for General George Washington, September 23 to 26, 1777, during the Philadelphia Campaign. Henry&#39;s son, Colonel Philip Frederick Antes (1730&ndash;1801), was an officer in the 6th Philadelphia Militia.</p><br>
<p>It is now owned by the Goschenhoppen Historians, who restored the house and operate it as a museum, offering tours by appointment.</p><br>
<p>Augustus Lutheran Church is a historic church and Lutheran congregation at 717 West Main Street in Trappe, Pennsylvania. Consecrated in 1745, it is the oldest Lutheran church building in the United States. It continues to be used by the founding congregation for services during the summer. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1967.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Trappe area was settled by Germans in 1717, who worshipped informally or under itinerant preachers until the arrival of Heinrich Melchior Mühlenberg in 1742. Their first church, which cost 200 pounds sterling, was designed by Mühlenberg. All of the interior fittings were fabricated from local materials, including the pulpit which is made of American black walnut. The building is constructed of red sandstone (now faced with stucco); the east end of the building is formed into a three-sided apse. Above the south entrance is a date stone inscribed in Latin with the names of the church&#39;s founders, including Henry Melchior Muhlenberg, Frederick Marstellar, John Nicholas Cressman, Anthony or Adam Heilman, Jacob Miller, Henry Haas, and George Kebner. The roof is framed with oak rafters and covered in cedar shingles. The cemetery at the rear of the building contains tombstones dating from 1736 and earlier, as well as the graves of Henry Melchior Muhlenberg, his wife Anna Maria Weiser, and their daughter Mary Swaine and son General Peter Muhlenberg.</p><br>
<p>Although the shell of the building was finished in 1743, the church was not consecrated until 1745. It was named after August Hermann Francke, founder of the Francke Foundations in Halle, Germany, a center of Lutheran Pietism where Henry Melchior Muhlenberg had trained. During the American Revolution, the building was used as a camping site and hospital for the Continental Army. A monument at the west end of the church commemorates unknown Revolutionary War soldiers buried in the cemetery.</p><br>
<p>By the mid-1800s, the congregation had outgrown the old building, and a new brick church was built. This structure was consecrated in 1852, whereupon the old building became used for Sunday School classes. A freak thunderstorm in 1860 severely damaged the roof; however, it was decided to restore the building rather than tear it down. A cast-iron stove was then added to the previously unheated building. Renovations in the 1920s restored the building to its original appearance. In the late 1950s, services were once again held in the Old Church in the summer and on Christmas Eve, a tradition which continues to the present day. A digital organ was placed in the original organ case in the early 1990s.</p><br>
<p>The church was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1967.</p><br>
<p>Old Trappe Church Interior 1919.JPGPulpit in 1919</p><br>
<p>Augustuscemetery.JPGCemetery and church</p><br>
<p>Historic Brookhaven is a historic neighborhood, part of which lies in Atlanta&#39;s Buckhead Community, part of which lies in Sandy Springs, Georgia, and part of which lies in city of Brookhaven, Georgia, to which it lends its name. Capital City Club country club is at the center of the neighborhood, and it is surrounded by valuable homes, many of which were designed by a number of well-known Atlanta architects of the pre-war period. The neighborhood boundaries are well defined, and it stretches from Peachtree Dunwoody Road to the west, Windsor Parkway to the north, Mabry Drive to the east, and Peachtree Road to the south.</p><br>
<p>Historic Brookhaven has perpetually been one of metropolitan Atlanta&#39;s wealthiest neighborhoods. As of 2010, it has a median household income of $236,393.</p><br>
<p>Castle Hill , also known as the American Flag-Raising Site and now as the Baranof Castle State Historic Site, is a National Historic Landmark and state park in Sitka, Alaska. The hill, providing a commanding view over the city, is the historical site of Tlingit and Russian forts, and the location where Russian Alaska was formally handed over to the United States in 1867. It is also where the 49-star United States flag was first flown after Alaska became a state in 1959.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Castle Hill is a rock outcrop, about 60 ft in height. It occupies a prominent position on the edge of Sitka Harbor, although it is now set back from the sea by several hundred feet due to fill added around its southern and western faces in 1968. The summit area is a generally flat area about 120 ft in length and 90 ft in width. The south face of the hill is sheer, while the eastern face presents a more gradual slope. An accessible trail, with interpretive panels, provides access to the now-bare summit area.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Prior to the arrival of Europeans in the area, Castle Hill was occupied by families of the Kiksadi clan of Tlingits. Alexander Baranov, a leading figure in the Russian-American Company, arrived in the Sitka area in 1795, and sought to establish a trading post on the hill. He ended up establishing Redoubt St. Archangel Michael several miles away in 1799; this trading post was destroyed by the Tlingit in 1802. Baranov returned to Sitka in force in 1804, seized Castle Hill, from which the outnumbered Tlingit had withdrawn. After the six-day Battle of Sitka, the Tlingit formally ceded Castle Hill to the Russians.</p><br>
<p>In 1806 the Russians transferred the headquarters of the Russian-American Company and the seat of government of Russian Alaska to Sitka, and Castle Hill was the focal point of the company and government facilities until 1867. They destroyed the Tlingit houses on the hill, and built a succession of structures on the hills summit. The last of these, a two-story brick building with a cupola on top known as the Governors House, was built in 1836 and was destroyed by fire in 1894.</p><br>
<p>In 1867, after the Alaska Purchase was negotiated, Russian Alaska was formally transferred to the United States in a ceremony held on Castle Hill. The Russian-built Governor&#39;s House was occupied by United States Army commanders until 1877, and remained a center of US government administration until the building burned. In 1898 the hill was transferred to the United States Department of Agriculture, which built a structure on the hill which served as its Alaska headquarters until 1932. This building was then used for a variety of commercial purposes before it was demolished in 1955. The site was then designated a territorial park.</p><br>
<p>When Alaska was admitted as the 49th USA state in 1959, Castle Hill was the location where the first 49-star USA flag in Alaska was raised, though the ceremony was unofficial and secret. The site was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1962 In 1965 a stone parapet was constructed on the hill, and interpretive plaques were added to a display of six cannons and a flagpole. The property is now administered as part of the Alaska state park system.</p><br>
<p>Upsala is a historic mansion in Mount Airy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania that was the site of an American concentration of forces during the Battle of Germantown, used as a staging ground for the attack on British forces at Cliveden across the street.</p><br>
<p>Upsala was built in 1798 by John Johnson, III, the grandson of the builder of the nearby John Johnson House, who is said to have bought the land in 1766. It stands directly across Germantown Avenue from Cliveden, Benjamin Chews mansion. Although he was raised as an English-speaking Quaker, Johnson was descended from one of Germantowns earliest settlers, Dirk Jansen. Johnson married Sally Wheeler in 1801, and together they had nine children at Upsala.</p><br>
<p>Dirck (or Dirick) Jansen owned the land before 1775. The older, rear part of the house was built around 1745. John Johnson, Sr. is said to have bought the land in 1766. There is speculation over whether father or son owned the house first. John Johnson, III inherited the property in 1797 and built the front section of the house.</p><br>
<p>It was a staging ground of the Continental Army at the Battle of Germantown in 1777.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972. It is a contributing property of the Colonial Germantown Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The building is likely to have been named after the Swedish city of Uppsala.</p><br>
<p>The Armstrong Tunnel in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, connects Second Avenue at the South Tenth Street Bridge, under the Bluff where Duquesne University is located, to Forbes Avenue between Boyd Street and Chatham Square.</p><br>
<h2>Construction</h2><br>
<p>The tunnel was constructed between 1926 and 1927. The chief engineer was Vernon R. Covell of the Allegheny County Public Works Department. The tunnel portals were designed by a city architect, Stanley L. Roush, who is also noted for the Smithfield Street Bridge portals, the Pittsburgh City-County Building, the Corliss Tunnel, and many other municipal projects.</p><br>
<h2>Characteristics</h2><br>
<p>The tunnel itself is characterized by twin bores of horseshoe cross-section, and bends halfway through. It also has a pedestrian walkway on the western side. Pghbridges.com reports that since the air draft flows toward the river, bicyclists are able to travel through the tunnel in that direction "with little or no effort."</p><br>
<p>A legend mentioned by the site involves a notion that the bend in the tunnel was a mistake, and whoever was responsible committed suicide in shame. Chief engineer Covell did not kill himself, invalidating this legend. Author Bruce S. Cridlebaugh suspects the bend was related to mines or other geological factors, property rights (including Duquesne University), or alignments with existing or proposed roads.</p><br>
<p>Since August 1987 the tunnels have provided cellular phone reception.</p><br>
<h2>Name</h2><br>
<p>The tunnels were named in honor of Joseph G. Armstrong, County Director of Public Works. Most of the bridges over the Pittsburghs three rivers were replaced between 1910 and 1940, years which included Mr. Armstrongs terms as Mayor of Pittsburgh and Allegheny County Commissioner.</p><br>
<p>The Beginning Point of the USA Public Land Survey is the point from which the United States in 1786 began the formal survey of the lands known then as the Northwest Territory, now making up all or part of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin. The survey is claimed to be the first major cadastral survey undertaken by any nation. The point now lies underwater on the state line between Ohio and Pennsylvania. Because it is submerged, a monument commemorating the point is located on the state line between East Liverpool, Ohio and Ohioville, Pennsylvania, adjacent to the nearest roadway. The area around the marker was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1965.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The monument commemorating the survey point is located on the north side of the Ohio River, on the south side of the road designated Ohio State Route 39 to the west and Pennsylvania Route 68 to the east. It is near the three-way intersection of Ohio, Pennsylvania, and the northern tip of West Virginia, in both the Pittsburgh metropolitan area and the East Liverpool micropolitan area. It is inscribed "1,112 feet south of this spot was the point of beginning for surveying the Public Lands of the United States."</p><br>
<p>The Public Land Survey System of the United States was established by Congressional legislation in 1785, in order to provide an orderly mechanism for opening the Northwest Territory for settlement. The ordinance directed the Geographer of the United States, Thomas Hutchins to survey an initial east-west base line. This Hutchins began in 1786, using as his starting point a stake placed on north bank of the Ohio River by a 1785 survey team from the states of Virginia and Pennsylvania to fix their common boundary north-south boundary (now the boundary between Pennsylvania and the northern tip of West Virginia). Hutchins&#39; work, completed in 1787, established the Seven Ranges, with a baseline about 45 mi line. This survey is believed to be "the first mathematically designed system and nationally conducted cadastral survey in any modern country."</p><br>
<p>The monument was placed in 1881, and is maintained by the East Liverpool Historical Society. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1965.</p><br>
<p>The Lacepede Islands, sometimes referred to simply as the Lacepedes, are a group of four islands lying off the Kimberley coast of Western Australia, about 120 km north of Broome.</p><br>
<p>They are about 30 km from the Dampier Peninsula, from which they are separated by the Lacepede Channel. They are important for their breeding seabirds.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Lacepede group (originally named Napoleon, Grant and Victoria islands) is a 12 km long chain of four islands known as West Island, Middle Island, Sandy Island and East Island. They are all small, low spits of coarse sand and coral rubble, lying atop a platform coral reef. They are treeless but support low vegetation. Average annual rainfall is about 750 mm.</p><br>
<h2>Environment</h2><br>
<p>The Lacepede Islands are an A-class reserve managed by the Department of Environment and Conservation. Rats were eradicated in 1986, allowing the recolonisation of the islands by nesting seabirds.</p><br>
<p>. There has been a possible sighting of an Omura&#39;s whale, one of the most recently described and least known baleen whales.</p><br>
<h3>Birds</h3><br>
<p>The islands have been identified by BirdLife International as an Important Bird Area (IBA) because they support over 1% of the world populations of brown boobies and roseate terns. The breeding colony of brown boobies, of up to 18,000 breeding pairs, is possibly the largest in the world. Up to 20,000 roseate terns have been recorded there.</p><br>
<p>Other birds breeding on the islands include masked boobies, Australian pelicans, lesser frigatebirds, eastern reef egrets, silver gulls, crested, bridled and lesser crested terns, common noddies, and pied and sooty oystercatchers. Visiting waders include grey-tailed tattlers, ruddy turnstones, great knots and greater sand plovers.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The island group was named by Nicolas Baudin on 5 August 1801 during his expedition around Australia, in honour of French naturalist Bernard Germain de Lacépède, who described several Australian fish species. The name of the islands was first charted on the Freycinet Map of 1811.</p><br>
<h3>Guano mining</h3><br>
<p>In the 19th-century, the Lacepede Islands were among numerous islands off the Western Australian coast that were mined for guano. Although much of the guano mined was by Western Australian industry, there was also extensive unauthorised mining by trading ships from other countries, especially the United States. A Melbourne company, Messrs. Poole, Picken and Co., had been authorised by the Western Australian government to load guano, and had been charged a royalty of 10 shillings per ton. On 26 June 1876, a dispute arose when Gilbert Carver Roberts, on behalf of Samuel Lord, an American merchant and honorary USA vice consul in Melbourne, landed from the French-flagged barque de Forcade la Roquette, disputed a demand that he pay a levy for mining and attempted to evict the Victorian guano miners licensed by the Western Australian government. Charles Robert Baldwin planted the United States flag on one of the islands, claiming the island group for that country in accordance with the United States Guano Islands Act that empowered USA citizens to take possession of uninhabited islands more than a league (three miles) offshore from any country, so long as they had not been formally claimed. This action, known as the "American Incident" or "Lacepede Islands Incident", sparked a diplomatic and political row, which was eventually resolved by Captain Alexander of the de Forcade la Roquette paying the levy and a fine, and the Western Australian government enacting legislation requiring all guano mining to be licensed, with severe penalties for transgressions. In May 1877 Governor Robinson received advice that US President Ulysses Grant had repudiated Lord’s annexation. The extraction of guano was wound down in 1879 when the schooner Aurora removed the machiney used for extraction. The manager Captain R McEachern estimated that the quantity of guano left on the islands was less than 2000 tons.</p><br>
<h3>Blackbirding</h3><br>
<p>The Lacepede Islands are also known to have been used by blackbirders, as a place to maroon kidnapped aborigines before signing them up to work in various industries, such as the pearling industry. The government caretaker James Kelly was dismissed in March 1884 for taking bribes from pearlers and allowing the Lacepedes to be used as an illegal depot for Aborigines kidnapped for pearl diving.</p><br>
<p>Hog Island is an island spanning 330 acre located in Muscongus Bay in Bremen, Maine at the end of Keene Neck Road. It is a part of the Todd Wildlife Sanctuary, which includes an additional 30 acre on the mainland across from the island, as well as the current home to the Audubon Camp in Maine operated by the Seabird Restoration Program  of the National Audubon Society.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Hog Island has an agricultural history like most Hog Islands. In the late nineteenth century it was summer home to The Point Breeze Inn and Bungalows, a recreational settlement. By 1910, Hog Island became a project of Mabel Loomis Todd, original editor of Emily Dickinson’s poetry. Todd purchased tracts of the island to save its timber from clearcutting. Together with her husband, David Peck Todd (head astronomer at Amherst College), they built a rustic summer camp there that was occupied by family members and their friends into the 1960s.</p><br>
<p>The only Todd child, daughter Millicent Todd Bingham, negotiated with John Baker of the National Audubon Society to have a nature study facility established on the island at the more developed Point Breeze site. The Audubon Nature Camp opened in the summer of 1936. The staff included Roger Tory Peterson, noted author of the new Peterson Field Guide series and director Carl W. Buchheister, who would go on to serve as president of the National Audubon Society from 1959 to 1967.</p><br>
<h2>Hog Island Audubon Camp</h2><br>
<p>From late May through September, Project Puffin runs 6-day residential ornithology and environmental education programs for adults, teens, families, environmental educators and Audubon leaders.</p><br>
<p>The Bishop&#39;s Palace and accompanying Bishops House at Wells in the English county of Somerset, is adjacent to Wells Cathedral and has been the home of the Bishops of the Diocese of Bath and Wells for 800 years. It has been designated by English Heritage as a Grade I listed building.</p><br>
<p>Building of the palace started around 1210 by Bishops Jocelin of Wells and Reginald Fitz Jocelin. The chapel and great hall were added by Bishop Robert Burnell between 1275 and 1292. The walls, gatehouse and moat were added in the 14th century by Bishop Ralph of Shrewsbury. The Bishops House was added in the 15th century by Bishop Thomas Beckington. The great hall later fell into disrepair and was partially demolished around 1830.</p><br>
<p>The palace was originally surrounded by a medieval deer park. When the walls were built, streams were diverted to form the moat as a reservoir. In the 1820s, the grounds within the walls were planted and laid out as pleasure grounds by Bishop George Henry Law, who created a reflecting pond near the springs. Parts of the buildings are still used as a residence by the current bishop, however much of the palace is now used for public functions and as a tourist attraction.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The grounds of the palace in the 13th century included a medieval deer park. The right to form the park was granted by King John to Bishop Jocelin in 1207. The Palace Camery was planted with orchards, a herbarium and kitchen gardens to provide food for the Bishop and staff.</p><br>
<p>There are now 14 acre of gardens including St Andrews Spring from which the city takes its name. The spring supplies St. Andrews Well from which water flows at a rate of 40 impgal per second into the moat which holds 4 e6impgal. The water emerging from the spring originates from the cave system of the Mendip Hills including Thrupe Lane Swallet. The Well House was built in 1451, for Bishop Beckington to provide water to the citizens of Wells in the market place. The small stone building with a slate roof has a central hole in the stone floor giving access to the well itself. The gardens are listed, Grade II*, on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens of special historic interest in England.</p><br>
<p>The grounds included The Bishop&#39;s Barn which was built as a tithe barn in the 15th century, and the area next to it which is now a public park and play area. The barn was built of local stone roughly squared, with Doulting ashlar dressings and a Westmorland slate roof. Royalist troops were quartered in the barn during the Bloody Assizes.</p><br>
<p>Much of the existing landscaping on the south lawn was carried out by Bishop George Henry Law in the 1820s. This included the incorporation of the remains of the roofless great hall and the construction of a raised rampart around the inside of the wall accessible from one of the towers. Bishop Law also created a grotto which he used to display fossils from Banwell Caves which were also part of his estate. A range of tress and shrubs were planted including: a black walnut, Lebanon cedar, catalpa and ginkgo. In the 1830s, Bishop Law had a pool created next to the springs. This acts as a mirror on a still day providing reflections of the east end of the cathedral in the water.</p><br>
<p>In the outer garden is an arboretum, planted in 1977 by Bishop John Bickersteth to commemorate the Silver Jubilee of Elizabeth II. The mute swans on the moat have been trained to ring bells by pulling strings, to beg for food. The first swans were trained by one of the daughters of Bishop Hervey in the 1870s. Two swans which were given to the bishop by Queen Elizabeth II in 2006, are still able to ring for lunch fed to them by the caretakers who live in the gatehouse.</p><br>
<p>Every August bank holiday, the moat is used for the Wells Moat Boat Race, a charity raft race organised by Wells Lions Club and Air Training Corps. In 2007, the Bishop entered a raft into the race. In 2013, a "tree of heaven" on the south lawn, which had been planted in 1885, was blown down during the St. Jude storm.</p><br>
<p>Rocky Mount Mills, located in Rocky Mount, North Carolina, was one of the first cotton mills constructed in the state of North Carolina, dating back to 1816.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>"The first use of slaves in a North Carolina cotton mill occurred in 1817 when another planter, Colonel Joel Battle, joined with Henry A. Donaldson, a former Rhode Island manufacturer, to establish the Rocky Mount Cotton Mills on the falls of the Tar River. It contained over two thousand spindles and had a working force composed entirely of Negroes- the majority were slaves but there were also a few free Negroes. For thirty-four years Negroes were employed continuously by this company. In 1825 Henry A. Donaldson with George McNeil as his partner constructed a new mill in Fayetteville, NC approximately the size of the one in Rocky Mount. Only slaves were used as its working force."</p><br>
<p>“...Especially before the Civil War, according to historian Holland Thompson, “a majority of the people in the Middle and Western counties dressed chiefly in the clothes of domestic or local manufacture.” A superintendent of the Rocky Mount Mills recalled that in the 1850s he sold most of the coarse yarns produced at the mill “in five pound bundles for the country trade- this was woven by the country women on hand looms.” He sold the surplus yarns for “coarse filling for the Philadelphia market.” During the antebellum period and well into the twentieth century, North Carolina was known for its “little spinning mills” that produced lower grades of yarn for home manufacture and later for the weaving mills of New England and the Middle Atlantic States.”</p><br>
<p>During the last months of the conflict, the Confederacy drew its entire supply of textile goods from North Carolina mills. Northern troops recognized the significance of the textile industry’s contribution to the war effort. In raids led by General William T. Sherman, Union troops laid waste to most of Eastern North Carolina’s manufacturing base by burning the Rocky Mount Mill on the Tar River, the Great Falls Mill in Rockingham, NC, and five of the six mills in the Fayetteville vicinity. In the western counties, Union General George Stoneman stationed his cavalry in the Fries Woolen and Cotton Mill while his troops destroyed nearly 1,700 bales of cotton the company had stored in High Point, NC. Stoneman’s raiders also set fire to Patterson’s Mill in Caldwell County, a woolen mill in Guilford County, and a cotton mill in Salisbury, NC that had served as a Confederate prison during the war. Those mills that escaped direct physical destruction during the final months of the war nevertheless entered the postwar period in a weakened condition with little operating capital, obsolete or worn-out machinery, and a sharply reduced demand from local markets.</p><br>
<p>From 1825 to 1883, the Battle family maintained ownership of the mill. As the southern cotton industry expanded after the Civil War, the cotton mill experienced rapid growth. The company also supported a residential village for employees, which was eventually incorporated into the city of Rocky Mount in the 1920s. The mill was a major supplier of cotton yarn to the United States Army during World War II. The mills and surrounding mill village are included in the Rocky Mount Mills Village Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The general decline in the southern textile industry beginning in the 1970s eventually impacted Rocky Mount Mills, and the mill closed its doors in 1996.</p><br>
<p>The main USA Post Office, Poughkeepsie, New York, USA, is located at the intersection of Market and Mansion Streets downtown . The Post Office serves the 12601 ZIP Code, which covers the city of Poughkeepsie, New York and portions of the Town of Poughkeepsie adjacent to the city. It employs a hundred people and handles 300,000 pieces of mail a day and 10 million a year.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The building was the second of five post offices in Dutchess County built during the New Deal by the Works Progress Administration. It was the first for which President Franklin D. Roosevelt, a native of Hyde Park, took a close personal interest in the design. He had written in 1928 of his desire to preserve the stone buildings in the Hudson Valley built by early Dutch settlers of the region, including his ancestors, which he feared was disappearing. The simple and modest style of the stone houses built by all those early settlers regardless of wealth was, to him, an example that should be followed by everyone.</p><br>
<p>Earlier in the decade, nearby Beacon had gotten a new post office in local fieldstone designed by Gilbert Stanley Underwood. When Poughkeepsie&#39;s turn came, Treasury Secretary Henry Morgenthau demanded that it be made of irregular fieldstone in the Dutch style, modeled after a demolished county courthouse that had been built in 1809. Architect Eric Kebbon followed the design but originally turned in a building that was to use granite. Roosevelt personally ordered him to redesign it to his specifications and would not let construction proceed until it was.</p><br>
<p>Roosevelt laid the cornerstone himself at a dedication ceremony during celebrations of the 250th anniversary of Poughkeepsie&#39;s settlement on October 13, 1937. Five hundred workers would spend the next two years building the 63,000-square foot (5,670 m²) structure.</p><br>
<p>The final building included a lobby with murals painted by WPA artists depicting six scenes in local and state history, including the ratification of the United States Constitution by New York. The success of its design inspired Roosevelt to push for similar stone post office buildings in other Dutchess County towns along the river, and it influenced the similar design of new offices built nearby for the Poughkeepsie Journal newspaper. The Smithsonian Institution chose it as one of ten New York post offices among the five hundred most beautiful in the country. It has been on the National Register of Historic Places since 1989.</p><br>
<p>On October 22, 2008, the cupola, undergoing renovation at the time, was damaged by a fire, causing the building to be closed for a few days. The rest of the building remained undamaged. City fire investigators said the likely cause was accidental, from heat guns used by the painters working on it.</p><br>
<p>Willis Hall is a historic building on the campus of Carleton College in Northfield, Minnesota, United States. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Willis Hall was the first building specifically built for the college. The first students started attending classes at the former American House hotel in Northfield in 1867, but the building had some serious mechanical problems. The president of the college, James W. Strong, traveled to New England in 1870 for a fundraising tour. After Strong was injured in a railroad accident and subsequently recovered from his injuries, benefactor William Carleton donated $50,000 to the college to insure its survival. His wife, Susan Willis Carleton, donated $10,000 to help finance the first permanent building. The building was named Willis Hall in her honor.</p><br>
<p>Quail Mountain, at 5,816 ft, is the highest mountain in Joshua Tree National Park and the highest point in the Little San Bernardino Mountains of the very southern reach of the Mojave Desert. It is one of the southernmost peaks in the Transverse Ranges, with the Peninsular Ranges just across the Colorado Desert and Coachella Valley.</p><br>
<h2>Trails</h2><br>
<p>The mountain can be reached by foot from almost any direction. The regular route utilizes the California Riding and Hiking Trail starting from Keys View road and traverses barren, burned desert 4.5 mi to Juniper Flats. From there it is about 1.5 mi more of cross-country hiking to the flat summit which is marked by a large cairn. There are no trails to the summit, all routes involve cross-country hiking.</p><br>
<p>The best times to hike the peak are Fall, Winter and Spring. Winter can be very cold and windy, and summer is very hot and not recommended. Fall (October–December) is probably the safest time to visit the peak. Watch for rattlesnakes in the spring. There is no water or shade en route.</p><br>
<h2>Natural history</h2><br>
<h3>Flora</h3><br>
<p>Quail Mountain was previously covered with old-growth California juniper (Juniperus californica) and Single-leaf Pinyon (Pinus monophylla), Joshua tree (Yucca brevifolia), and Coastal sage scrub oak (Quercus dumosa) woodland. Several wildfires burned over the mountain, leaving it very barren of taller woody plants, which continues while their slow natural regeneration occurs. There are occasional Pinyon pines and California junipers that survived, and they are the source for new generation.</p><br>
<h3>Fauna</h3><br>
<p>A few Desert Bighorn Sheep live in the Little San Bernardino Mountains, and seeing one or a herd is a rewarding experience.</p><br>
<h2>Event history</h2><br>
<p>The devastating fire on Quail Mountain in 1999 unfortunately occurred again only 2 years later in 2001, and both burned over the mountain leaving it very barren of higher vegetation.</p><br>
<p>On the mountain a few pieces of aircraft wreckage can still be found. On February 4, 1999, two civilian T-28&#39;s (N628B and N128BJ) piloted by Bill Jones and Greg Weber crashed into the side of the mountain killing both pilots. They were en route to Thermal Airport from Van Nuys Airport as a flight of two and impacted at the 5,300 ft level on the west side of the mountain. At the time of the accident the Little San Bernardino Mountains were obscured by cloud cover.</p><br>
<p>Scoville Memorial Library is a historic building on the campus of Carleton College in Northfield, Minnesota, United States. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It was the college&#39;s library until the current library was built in the 1950s. Until 2016 it housed several student support organizations and the Cinema and Media Studies department. Currently the building is under intensive renovations and will soon house the Admissions and Financial Aid offices.</p><br>
<p>It was built in 1896 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in 1982.</p><br>
<p>The construction of this library "completed the historic core of buildings" on the Carleton College campus. Also NRHP-listed on the campus are Willis Hall, built 1868–72, and Goodsell Observatory, built 1887.</p><br>
<p>Skinner Memorial Chapel is a chapel and historic building on the campus of Carleton College in Northfield, Minnesota, United States. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The chapel was built in 1916, fifty years after Carleton College was founded, and was financed by a gift from Emily Willey Skinner. Her husband, Miron Skinner, had been a trustee of the college until his death in 1909. The chapel was designed by the firm of Patton, Holmes, and Flinn, who had organized an architectural plan for the college and designed eight other buildings. The chapel is of English Gothic Revival design, with a Latin cross shape and a tall bell tower. The interior has a dark wood ceiling with dark beams.</p><br>
<p>It hosts services from a variety of religious traditions as well as weekly Carleton functions.</p><br>
<p>Gairdner River is a river located in the Great Southern region of Western Australia.</p><br>
<p>The river was first recorded by Surveyor General John Septimus Roe in 1848, when carrying out exploration of the area, noting that natives referred to it and its numerous branches as "Jeer-A-Mung-Up". Roe later named the same river near its mouth the Gairdner River, not realising they were the same, after Gordon Gairdner, Senior Clerk of the Australian and Eastern Departments in the Colonial Office, later Chief Clerk of the Colonial Office and Secretary and Registrar of the Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George. Roe also named Gordon Inlet and Mount Gordon after Gairdner.</p><br>
<p>The river originates in farm land north of the South Coastal Highway between Needilup and Jacup on the Yilgarn plateau at about 320 m above sea level. It flows in a south-easterly direction crossing the South Coast Highway east of Jerramungup then through the Fitzgerald River National Park until it terminates in Gordon Inlet, where it discharges an average of 9,400,000 cubic metres per annum.</p><br>
<p>The tributaries that flow into the river are Cobomup Creek, Needilup River, Pingamup River, Spring Creek, Wilgerup Creek, Scott Creek and Duleep Creek.</p><br>
<p>About 60% of the catchment has been cleared for sheep and grains farming and as a result the water quality has become saline. Salinity levels vary from 3‰ (3,000 ppm) after rains when the river is flowing to 50‰ (50,000 ppm) during the summer time.</p><br>
<p>The Alexander Faribault House is a historic house museum in Faribault, Minnesota, United States. Built in 1853, it was the first wood-frame house constructed in Rice County, Minnesota. It was built by fur trader Alexander Faribault in the Greek Revival style. Besides serving as a house, it also served as a civic center, polling place, and a church. The local address of the house is 12 First Avenue, Faribault, MN. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1970.</p><br>
<p>Alexander Faribault, son of Jean Baptiste Faribault, was a contemporary of Henry Hastings Sibley and served as his secretary for a time. In 1835, Alexander Faribault set up a trading venture at the confluence of the Straight River and the Cannon River. He had a relationship of mutual respect with the Dakota Indians with whom he traded, even to the degree of sheltering friendly Indians during the Dakota War of 1862. In 1853, he built a large frame house. His house reflected his prosperity, with nine bedrooms, a music room, a parlor, a sitting room, an office, a kitchen, a summer kitchen, and a sewing room. Part of his wealth came from "traders&#39; claims" stemming from the Treaty of Traverse des Sioux, but he was also the proprietor of a sawmill and a flour mill. In turn, he was generous to the community, donating $3,000 to Bishop Henry Benjamin Whipple for the church and for Shattuck School. He also donated land for the Seabury Divinity School. He served as a delegate to the Minnesota Territorial Legislature and remained friends with Henry Mower Rice and Henry Hastings Sibley, even though Rice and Sibley were personal and political enemies.</p><br>
<p>West Pennard Court Barn  is a late 14th or early 15th century tithe barn which was built for Glastonbury Abbey. The Grade I listed building is between West Pennard and West Bradley in the English county of Somerset.</p><br>
<p>The barn was restored by the Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings in the 1930s following the collapse of the roof and then given to the National Trust. At 50 ft long and 20 ft wide it is the smallest of the barns associated with the abbey. It has a cruck braced timber framed roof and is supported by two-stage buttresses.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The barn which was originally known as Parson&#39;s Barn, was built on the orders of the Abott of Glastonbury Abbey in the late 14th or early 15th century. There is no written record of the exact date and there is some debate about the likely age of the building based on the architectural features.</p><br>
<p>A survey in 1932 found that the roof was cracked and it eventually collapsed in 1935. In 1936 the roof structure was straightened, preserving the medieval trusses where possible, and covered with clay tiles. The restoration was undertaken by the Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings, with the work being funded by Roger Clark of the local shoemakers C. & J. Clark Designation as a Grade I listed building first took place in 1961. A survey in 2002 found minor repairs were needed to the doors and wall plate.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The rectangular five bay barn is 50 ft long and 20 ft wide, although it was previously larger. The barn is built of local Blue Lias stone with some better quality oolitic ashlar used for the quoins on the corners and the porches which provided cover for gfoods being loaded and unloaded at the doors. The barn originally had an attached dovecote on the western end, and still has niches for birds inside the barn and on the east gable wall. The dovecote was adapted into a calf shed.</p><br>
<p>The roof was originally thatched but now is tiled, and is supported by cruck bracing to the timber frame of six principal trusses. The design of the roof is similar to that in the other tithe barns of Glastonbury Abbey at Pilton, Manor Farm, Doulting and Glastonbury itself, which is now part of the Somerset Rural Life Museum. The carriage porch where wagons would have been unloaded is covered by the sloping roof.</p><br>
<p>Rastorguyev Island or Rastorguyeva Island  is an island in the Kara Sea, Russian Federation.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>It is the third largest island of the Kamennyye Islands. It is located close to the shores of the Taymyr Peninsula, about 30 km from the coast.</p><br>
<p>A narrow and bent landspit projects northwards of the norther shore.</p><br>
<p>There are two hills on the island, the highest of which is Mount Kolomeitsev (Gora Kolomeitseva) —named after Nikolai Kolomeitsev— in the eastern part.</p><br>
<p>Winters are long, cold and bitter, and the surrounding sea freezes solid about ten months every year.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The whole area around Rastorguyev Island was explored by Russian geologist Baron Eduard von Toll during his last venture, the Russian Arctic Expedition of 1900-1903. This large island was named by him after Stepan Innokentyevich Rastorguyev, an Imperial Russian Cossack officer accompanying him.</p><br>
<p>Toll sent Rastorguyev along with the former captain of ship Zarya, N. N. Kolomeitsev, on a long sledge trip with the mission of organizing coal depots for the Zarya on Kotelny Island and at Dikson, as well as to bring the mail of the expedition to Dudinka. This mission helped to bring relief to Baron Toll in a difficult situation concerning his relationship with Captain Kolomeitsev. Rastorguyev was always ready to help Baron Eduard von Toll during his explorations in the Siberian coast and Toll never hid the fact that he was grateful for his services.</p><br>
<p>In 1937 another island, Kolchak Island, located in the Taymyr Gulf further east along the Taymyr Peninsulas coast, was renamed after Stepan Rastorguyev. Thus, for a few decades, there were two "Rastorguyeva" islands in the Kara Sea itself. However, the other islands previous name was restored on 23 August 2005, so that now there is less confusion.</p><br>
<p>Stoke sub Hamdon Priory is a complex of buildings and ruins which initially formed a 14th-century college for the chantry chapel of St Nicholas, and later was the site of a farm in Stoke-sub-Hamdon, Somerset, England. The only building remaining from the college is a great hall and attached dwelling, dating from the late 15th century. The hall is designated by English Heritage as a Grade I listed building, while the outbuildings and gateway are Grade II listed. The whole site has been scheduled as an ancient monument. A number of the farm buildings are in poor condition, and have been added to the Heritage at Risk register.</p><br>
<p>The college was formed in 1304 as a chantry college, funded by John de Beauchamp, 1st Baron Beauchamp to serve the free chapel in his nearby manor house. Over the following 150 years, the college fell into disrepair and was rebuilt around 1460. During the dissolution, the land passed into the laity, and was a tenanted farm until the middle of the 20th century. The National Trust bought the property in 1946, and with the exception of the part of the house which is inhabited, the site is now open to the public. Despite being known as "The Priory", or "Stoke sub Hamdon Priory", the building has never been used as a priory, and there is no record of a monastic house in Stoke sub Hamdon.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Originally, a rectory was located on the site, which provided a home for the rector who officiated in the private chapel of St. Nicholas in the Beauchamp manor house nearby. When the rector, Henry de Wyk, resigned in 1304, the lord of the manor, John de Beauchamp, 1st Baron Beauchamp, established a chantry and founded a college for five chaplains. It is suggested in the English Heritage listing that the rectory was probably already owned by the Beauchamps, but if not they purchased it upon de Wyks departure. The college was composed of four priests governed by a provost, and was attached to the manor house chapel. A National Trust report referenced in the Historic Environment Record could not determine if the pre-1304 rectory was retained for the colleges use, or if a new building was erected instead.</p><br>
<p>In 1444, a report by the Bishop of Bath and Wells, Thomas Beckington, recorded that, due to poor management by the provost, the college had fallen into disrepair: the buildings were in a bad state, and only two priests remained alongside the provost, rather than the intended four. Beckington gave the governance of the college to the precentor of Wells, and a few years later the current building was erected. In his article, Chantry Priests&#39; Houses and other Medieval Lodgings, W. A. Pantin suggests that this building is probably smaller than the original college, due to the reduced number of clergy, and that it was most likely erected around 1450–60. From 1473 to 1508 Provost Coorte was in charge; however for 36 years during that time he was non-resident.</p><br>
<p>During the reign of Henry VIII the chantry was under the control of the crown with Provosts Woulset and Carmer both being the kings chaplains and it unlikely that any investment was made in Stoke sub Hamdon Priory. The college was converted into a private house, and underwent significant renovation. Pantin suggests that the building work can be approximately dated to the period in which the Strode family inhabited the house, based upon an inscription in some panelling, "1585/TS", in which the TS stands for Thomas Strode. The building was also expanded on its south side, along the street. Over the subsequent three centuries, the estate was primarily passed on through marriage and inheritance within families, though it was sold a few times; primarily the ownership was held by the Robinsons, the Rodbards, and the Hawkesworths. None of the three families lived on the estate, which was at the time a farm worked by a string of lessees.</p><br>
<p>In 1897 John William Bain Hawkesworth sold part of the holding, keeping just the house and some land. The farm was known as Parsonage Farm from the middle of the 19th century, and continued to be tended until around 1960. The property was purchased by the National Trust in 1946, and some restoration work was conducted in 1967. The complex of buildings was scheduled as an ancient monument in May 1951, and the former chantry house was listed as a Grade I building in April 1961. At the same time, the other buildings on site were listed as Grade II buildings: the gateway and wall, three barns (one of which is ruined), a ruined outbuilding and a dovecote.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The buildings are constructed from Hamstone, a Jurassic limestone quarried on the local Ham Hill.</p><br>
<p>The priory itself is linked to a barn by a wall. It includes a gateway which provides access from North Street. The 5 m high wall dates from the 15th century and includes an arched gateway which has a buttress on its western side. The barn is largely from the 18th century; however it incorporates material from the former building. The southern end is supported by two buttresses and the north side includes a door on the first floor.</p><br>
<p>The other barn which is about 25 m north west of The Priory was built in the 15th century. It has partially thatched roof, and served as a tithe barn. The other outbuilding which is about 40 m north west of The Priory may once have been used as a wagon shed. A further 15th century barn to the west of The Priory is now ruined, following a fire in 1969. It is close to the circular Dovecote which may date from the 14th century. Pigeons and doves were an important food source historically kept for their eggs, flesh, and dung.</p><br>
<p>The main priory building itself is of an "L" shaped plan and consists of three unequal wings. The oldest part contains the hall, screens and dormitory. This was built in the 14th century but contains stones from the previous building, which show oblique tooling found in Norman architecture. The two-storey hall is 28 ft long and 18 ft wide. It was originally used as the refectory, with a window being added by Bishop Beckington in the 15th century, and later became a coal store. The hall also has arches into bays and an ogee-headed recess which may have been an aumbry. At the eastern end of the hall is a parlour on the ground floor and, on the first floor, is a dormitory. The chapel next to the dormitory can be see through a squint which is unusually combined with a piscina.</p><br>
<p>The central block south of the hall contains the dining room and kitchen on the ground floor with bedrooms above. Both have chamfered beams made of elm which are approximately 19 ft long. Centrally between the two rooms is a large medieval fireplace including a bread oven. Next to the kitchen is the large south store.</p><br>
<p>Shavers Mountain, is a high and rugged ridge situated in the Allegheny Mountains of eastern West Virginia. It is about 35 mi long, north to south, and several of its peaks exceed 4,000 ft in elevation. Shavers Mountain is notable for being “bookended”, at its northern and southern ends, by two exceptional natural areas: the Otter Creek Wilderness and the Gaudineer Scenic Area, respectively, both of which preserve small stands of old growth forest on the mountain.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Most of Shavers Mountain lies within eastern Randolph County, although along its southern third, its crest forms the boundary between Randolph and Pocahontas Counties. Shavers Mountain is defined to the west by the valley of Shavers Fork and to the east by the valley of Glady Fork, West Fork of Glady Fork and the West Fork Greenbrier River.</p><br>
<p>Shavers Mountain is part of the Shavers Fork Mountain Complex, which includes Cheat Mountain to the west and Middle Mountain to the east. Shavers Mountain&#39;s northern end is in a bend of Dry Fork of Cheat River near the town of Gladwin. Its southern end is at USA Route 250, south of which the same structural fold continues as Back Allegheny Mountain. The highest point of Shavers Mountain is located just north of US 250 at Gaudineer Knob, which has an elevation of 4,432 ft.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>According to E.C. Wyatt, a local historian who published in The Randolph Enterprise newspaper in the 1920s,Wyatt, E.C. (1922-1923)</p><br>
<p>, Ten articles originally published in The Randolph Enterprise newspaper in 1922-23; Now archived at Rootsweb. the mountain was named for Peter Shaver, an early settler to the area who was killed by Indians. Wyatt believed that in 1848 his grandfather, Ellis Wyatt, became the first man to build a house on Shavers Mountain. Ellis was a farmer, merchant, civil engineer, surveyor, constable, deputy sheriff, and a miller. He was apparently the first and only man to vote a Democratic ticket in the Dry Fork District in the first election held after the Civil War. Indeed, no Democratic ticket had been printed in the District, so one had to be written to accommodate him. In June 1879, Ellis Wyatt became the first postmaster of the town of Alpena, holding the position until 1897.</p><br>
<p>The timber industry in West Virginia grew rapidly towards the end of the 19th century. In the early 1900s, Shavers Mountain was almost completely denuded of trees. For the most part, native trees have been allowed to grow back naturally, with only some non-native Norway spruce planted on top of the mountain in the 1920s.</p><br>
<h2>Preservation and recreation</h2><br>
<p>Most of Shavers Mountain lies within the Monongahela National Forest. The Shavers Mountain Spruce-Hemlock Stand is a 68 acre virgin red spruce-hemlock stand, partly within the Otter Creek Wilderness. (The Otter Creek Wilderness lies in a bowl formed by Shavers Mountain and McGowan Mountain.) The Gaudineer Scenic Area, encompassing 140 acre around Gaudineer Knob, includes about 50 acre of virgin red spruce forest.</p><br>
<p>The Shavers Mountain Trail, somewhat strenuous but affording exceptional views, is 10 mi long.</p><br>
<p>The Thomas Law House  was constructed between 1794 and 1796 near present day 6th and N Streets, Southwest in Washington, D.C. The builder was a syndicate headed by James Greenleaf, an early land speculator in the District of Columbia.</p><br>
<p>In March 1796, Thomas Law moved into the house after his marriage to Martha Washington&#39;s eldest granddaughter, Eliza Parke Custis.The house became known as "Honeymoon House" as the Laws lived there during their honeymoon while awaiting completion of their house. They did not stay long, as by the summer of 1796 they have moved to their home on the west side of New Jersey Avenue north of C Street</p><br>
<p>Thomas Law was the son of Edmund Law, the Bishop of Carlisle. Among his brothers were:</p><br>
<p>John Law, Bishop of Clonfert and Kilmacduagh, Bishop of Killala and Achonry, and Bishop of Elphin.</p><br>
<p>Edward Law, 1st Baron Ellenborough, Lord Chief Justice 1802–1818.</p><br>
<p>George Henry Law, Bishop of Chester 1812–1824, Bishop of Bath and Wells 1824–1845.</p><br>
<p>Thomas Law spent many years in India, where he made a fortune in trade. Law came to Washington, D.C., in the summer of 1794. He was one of Washington&#39;s wealthiest citizens and was active, although not successful, in business enterprises. He eventually lost his fortune.</p><br>
<p>Law met Greenleaf in November or December 1794 and was deeply impressed with him. On December 4, 1794, Greenleaf sold 500 city lots to Law for £50,000 (or $133,000). The price per lot was $297.60, a 372 percent increase over the $80 per lot which Greenleaf had paid just a year earlier.</p><br>
<p>In 1816, former Congressman Richard Bland Lee and his wife Elizabeth (Collins) Lee purchased the house.</p><br>
<p>During the Civil War, it was the Mt. Vernon Hotel. Starting around 1913, it was the Washington Sanitarium&#39;s Mission Hospital. Dr. Henry G. Hadley operated a clinic in the house from 1923 to 1961.</p><br>
<p>The National Park Service listed the Thomas Law House on the National Register of Historic Places on August 14, 1973.</p><br>
<p>Meall Glas is a mountain situated in the southern highlands of Scotland. It stands on the northern border of the Loch Lomond and the Trossachs National Park, 8.5 kilometres north east of Crianlarich.</p><br>
<h2>Overview</h2><br>
<p>Meall Glas has Munro status with a height of 959 m. It is the highest point of the high rolling uplands between Glen Lochay and Glen Dochart, an area lacking distinctive mountainous character. Another Munro, Sgiath Chuil, lies 2 km to the east; the Corbett Beinn nan Imirean is 2 km to the south west. The three hills can be climbed together in the same walk.</p><br>
<p>Meall Glas is overshadowed by the more impressive mountains around Crianlarich. Its name, which translates from the Gaelic as “Greenish-grey hill” suggests its topographic character. It was probably named by the inhabitants of Glen Lochay to which it shows its more impressive northern outline, with the summit ridge seen as a curving hollow. The hill is not well seen from Glen Dochart to the south, from where it is usually climbed, being observed as merely the top of rising moorland.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Meall Glas comprises mainly rolling grassy slopes, with two main ridges. The north west ridge drops from the summit to Glen Lochay and can be used as an ascent route. The other ridge curves east round the lip of Coire Cheathaich, passing over an unnamed top at 908m before swinging north east to the Munro Top of Beinn Cheathaich (937 metres), 1.5 km from the main peak. In Sir Hugh Munro’s original tables of 1891, Beinn Cheathaich was listed as the Munro with Meall Glas as the “Top”, an error rectified in the 1921 revision. From Beinn Cheathaich the ridge swings north and drops to Glen Lochay. Broad slopes to the east descend to the Lairig a’ Churain (609 metres) which connects to the adjacent Munro of Sgiath Chuil.</p><br>
<p>The mountain is made up of schist rocks of the Dalradian group, with outcrops of pink granite on the mountain&#39;s upper slopes. The south side of the mountain has a broad shelf at a height of around 450 metres, the result of lateral erosion by glaciers in the Ice Age. Rainfall on Meall Glas drains to the east coast of Scotland via the glens of Dochart (south) or Lochay (north) and then by Loch Tay and the River Tay.</p><br>
<h2>Ascents and view</h2><br>
<p>Meall Glas can be climbed from either Glen Dochart or Glen Lochay. The southern approach from Glen Dochart is the most popular because of ease of access by car. The route starts at Auchessan (grid reference ) on the A85 road and goes north across moorland to reach the summit ridge just to the east of the highest point. The northern approach starts at the road end in Glen Lochay at Kenknock (grid reference ). The route proceeds for 1.5 km west up the glen, crosses the River Lochay by a ford (the bridge no longer exists) and follows a track by the Lubchurran Burn which goes south and west and before reaching the summit via the Top of Beinn Cheathaich.</p><br>
<p>The summit of Meall Glas is marked by a small cairn perched on a rocky outcrop. The mountain has a considerable prominence of 554 metres and is a good viewpoint, with the Mamlorn peaks around the head of Glen Lochay and the Crianlarich hills to the south west looking especially fine.</p><br>
<p>Batlava Lake  refers to both a lake and resort located in Kosovo.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The village of Batlava is inhabited by ethnic Albanians. The artificial was created during the communist era as a water supply source for the Pristina and Podujevo region.</p><br>
<h2>Present day</h2><br>
<p>Batlava Lake is the main source of potable water for the cities of Pristina and Podujevo, but not Orllan whereas the lake is located. As a result of the cities&#39; population growth, withdrawal regularly exceeds inflow, especially in summer.</p><br>
<p>Batlava Lake is a popular destination for locals. Thus, tourism is a large revenue source for the local village. The lake is in the Lab region and is fed by the Batlava River from the north. The village of Kolić is also located quite near the lake.</p><br>
<p>Lake Wahtopanah, also known as Rivers Reservoir, is a lake on the Little Saskatchewan River near the town of Rivers, Manitoba. Its dam was built by the Prairie Farm Rehabilitation Administration in 1960 to supplement water supplies for irrigation. It also provides the water supply for the town of Rivers, stock watering and recreation. The reservoir is about 2,000 ft wide and six miles  long. The deepest point is about 50 ft. Riparian flows are regulated by a four-foot square gated conduit. High flows pass over a 110 ft wide concrete chute spillway. The reservoir stores about 24,500 acre.ft and covers an area of about 1,580 acre. The drainage area is about 1,260 square miles and extends well into Riding Mountain National Park. The province maintains a park and campground on the west shore.</p><br>
<p>The name is an alternate form of the Native word watopapinah meaning "canoe people".</p><br>
<p>The Hookhamsnyvy Creek is a natural watercourse in the northern Canterbury region of New Zealand&#39;s South Island.</p><br>
<p>The Hookhamsnyvy Creek is north of Parnassus and rises in the Hundalee Hills. It runs roughly south before briefly turning west to join the Leader River.</p><br>
<p>In 1912, the Main North Line railway was opened from Christchurch to Parnassus, with the ultimate objective of creating a line north to Picton via Blenheim and Kaikoura. The first route north followed the Leader Valley and would have required a diversion of the Hookhamsnyvy Creek. Some initial groundwork was done for this, but the outbreak of World War I in 1914 caused construction to be paused. When it resumed, a new coastal route via Hundalee was chosen, the diversion of the Hookhamsnyvy Creek permanently abandoned, and the line opened in 1945.</p><br>
<p>The Grivola  is a mountain in the Graian Alps in Italy. It lies between the Valsavarenche and the Cogne Valley.</p><br>
<h2>Etymology</h2><br>
<p>Grivola was named in different ways in the past:</p><br>
<p>Pic de Cogne</p><br>
<p>Grivolet</p><br>
<p>Bec de Grivola</p><br>
<p>Aiguille de Grivola</p><br>
<p>"Grivola" firstly appeared in 1845. Giuseppe Giacosa says is comes from Valdôtain griva, meaning song thrush (grive). Joseph-Marie Henry indicated grivoline (grivoise), a pretty young girl, as for Jungfrau. Paul-Louis Rousset says that the origin is gri in Valgrisenche Valdôtain, meaning "loose stones".</p><br>
<h2>SOIUSA classification</h2><br>
<p>According to SOIUSA (International Standardized Mountain Subdivision of the Alps) the mountain is classified in the following way:</p><br>
<p>main part=Western Alps</p><br>
<p>major sector=North-Western Alps</p><br>
<p>section=Graian Alps</p><br>
<p>subsection=North-eastern Graian Alps</p><br>
<p>supergroup=Catena del Gran Paradiso</p><br>
<p>group=Gruppo Grivola-Gran Serra</p><br>
<p>subgroup=Sottogruppo della Grivola</p><br>
<p>code=I/B-7.IV-A.3.b</p><br>
<h2>Huts</h2><br>
<p>Rifugio Federico Chabod (2,750 m)</p><br>
<p>Bivacco Luciano Gratton (3,198 m)</p><br>
<p>Bivacco Mario Balzola (3,477 m)</p><br>
<p>Bivacco Mario Gontier (2,309 m)</p><br>
<p>Rifugio Vittorio Emanuele II (2,732 m)</p><br>
<p>Rifugio Vittorio Sella (2,588 m)</p><br>
<p>The North Channel naval duel was a single-ship action between the United States Continental Navy sloop of war Ranger  and the British Royal Navy sloop of war Drake  on the evening of 24 April 1778. Fought in the North Channel, separating Ireland from Scotland, it was the first American defeat of a Royal Navy ship within British home waters, and also very nearly the only American victory over the Royal Navy in the Revolution achieved without an overwhelming superiority of force. The action was one of a series of actions by Jones that brought the American War of Independence to British waters.</p><br>
<h2>Background</h2><br>
<p>Even before the official entry of other nations, the American Revolutionary War was by no means confined to American soil; naval operations, by both the Continental Navy and privateers, ranged across the Atlantic. In 1777, American captains such as Lambert Wickes, Gustavus Conyngham, and William Day had been making raids into British waters and capturing merchant ships, which they took into French ports, even though France was officially neutral. Captain Day had even been accorded a gun salute by the French admiral at Brest.</p><br>
<p>Encouraged by such successes, and even more so by the American victory at the Battle of Saratoga that autumn, France signed two treaties with America in February 1778, but stopped just short of declaring war on Britain. The risk of a French attack forced the Royal Navy to concentrate its forces in the English Channel (La Manche), leaving other areas vulnerable.</p><br>
<p>Wickes and Day had shown that, despite the narrowness of St. George&#39;s Channel and the North Channel, it was possible for single ships or very small squadrons to get into the Irish Sea, and create havoc among the many vessels which traded between Great Britain and Ireland. John Paul Jones, on his first return to British waters as an enemy, had a more ambitious plan: to teach the British people that their government&#39;s policies in America, such as the burning of ports, could be turned back against them.</p><br>
<h2>The ''Ranger'' mission</h2><br>
<p>With a single small Continental Navy sloop of war, the Ranger, Jones sailed from Brest on 10 April 1778, and headed for the coasts of the Solway Firth, where he had first learned to sail. Following an unsuccessful attempt to raid the port of Whitehaven in Cumberland, on the night of 17–18 April, he harassed shipping in the North Channel; then on the night of 20–21 April Ranger entered Belfast Lough in northern Ireland, with the intention of seizing a Royal Navy ship moored off Carrickfergus, HMS Drake. Unsuccessful, he returned to Whitehaven, and achieved another objective, landing a large party at the harbour on the night of 22–23 April, and setting fire to a merchant ship. This raid was followed within hours by another, at the Scottish seashore mansion of the Earl of Selkirk, near Kirkcudbright. Even as the news of those deeds was racing to alert Britain&#39;s defences, Ranger was on the way back to Carrickfergus.</p><br>
<h2>24 April 1778</h2><br>
<h3>Preparations for combat</h3><br>
<p>John Paul Jones&#39;s crew had been recruited by being offered the opportunity to "make their Fortunes", a goal that could be achieved by privateering operations against British merchant ships. However, more British ships had been sunk on the mission than captured, to avoid diverting crew members to sailing captured merchant ships to France. The crew blamed Jones for what appeared to be a tactical error that allowed a British customs vessel to escape after being fired on by Ranger. Now he was intent on capturing a Royal Navy ship from its moorings, although it carried no cargo that could be sold for a handsome profit to his crew&#39;s benefit. The account of events just after dawn on 24 April that Jones published a few years later may not be greatly exaggerated: "I ran a great risk of being killed or thrown in the sea". Although the crew seemed reluctant, the state of the wind and tide at that time seemed to prevent them from avoiding sailing into the harbour. However, it seemed that they might not have to visit Carrickfergus after all, as Drake was preparing to leave port, which seemed to revive the Americans&#39; flagging spirits.</p><br>
<p>In fact, Drake had been preparing for action since the previous visit by Ranger, taking on volunteers from the Carrickfergus area to boost the crew from 100 to about 160, many of them landsmen who were to be used only for close-quarters combat, although there was a shortage of ammunition. Absent from the ship&#39;s company at this crucial time were the gunner, master&#39;s mate, boatswain, and lieutenant. The aging captain, George Burdon, was later reported to have been in poor health himself. Drake got under way about 8am, but with wind and tide against it, made little progress. After an hour or so a boat was therefore sent to get a closer look at the intruder. Jones opted to try a slight variant of the plan which had failed to capture the customs vessel a few days earlier; hiding most of the crew and the big guns. This time it worked; the crew of the reconnaissance boat was captured, and this success raised the morale of the Americans. One of the prisoners revealed the large number of volunteers who had gone aboard Drake.</p><br>
<p>About 1pm, as Drake moved sluggishly out across Belfast Lough, a small boat came out to her, carrying another volunteer, Royal Navy Lieutenant William Dobbs, a local man who had just gotten married. According to Drake pilot he brought with him a copy of an express letter from Whitehaven, explaining the full details of the mystery ship (Jones states in his official report that the news from Whitehaven had arrived the previous evening and was known to his morning captives). With the wind and tide more favourable in the afternoon, Ranger moved slowly back out of the Lough into the North Channel, making sure never to get too far ahead of Drake. Finally, about 6pm, the two enemies were within hailing distance. Jones had the American naval colours flying, and Lieut. Dobbs&#39; formal inquiry as to the ship&#39;s identity was answered with absolute truth.</p><br>
<p>The North Channel naval duel was in some respects a small-scale dress-rehearsal, in reverse, for Jones&#39;s 1779 battle with HMS Serapis. Drake had been built as a merchant ship with defensive capability, and bought by the Royal Navy to help fill the gap left when many ships had to be sent to America; even the 20 four-pound guns were not official Navy issue, but her armament as a merchant vessel. The hull was the wrong shape for rapid battle manoeuvres, and not designed to resist cannon fire. Ranger had been built as a fighting ship, and modified by Jones for maximum efficiency: for example, although there were ports for 20 guns, he found it safest to install only 18 six-pound guns. That made for a total broadside weight of 54 pounds, slightly more than Drake 40 pounds total. However, those dozens of Irish volunteers meant that if Drake could grapple and board Ranger the Americans would be in trouble.</p><br>
<h3>The fight</h3><br>
<p>The formalities completed, Ranger turned sharply and fired a broadside at the following Drake. The British were unable to reply immediately; when they did, they found they had a serious problem. With full charges of powder, the four-pounders were unstable, and tended to tip forward; in the case of the two pairs of guns at the rear of the ship, most subject to the rise and fall with the waves, this meant that they could skid almost anywhere as they were fired, presenting grave danger to the gun crews. In Navy records, Drake armament had been listed as only 16 guns, suggesting that the rearmost guns had been left aboard just for show. The ship&#39;s gunner may well have known of these problems, and perhaps the gunner&#39;s mate too, but neither was aboard the Drake anymore (the mate having been captured in the reconnaissance mission, and the gunner being ill at Portsmouth).</p><br>
<p>After a few more broadsides, further problems emerged. Shrapnel from Ranger third broadside hit Lieut. Dobbs in the head, putting him out of action. Conditions on Drake gun deck were so unpredictable that the "powder monkeys"—the boys who brought charges of gunpowder up for the great guns, in fire-resistant boxes—eventually became reluctant to do their duty. Twice the ship&#39;s master had to go below to urge the acting gunner to be more efficient in supplying the powder, when opportunities for broadsides were missed. Another problem was that the "slow matches" which were used to fire the guns kept falling into their fire-safety tubs and going out. The four-pound guns could not penetrate Ranger toughened hull anyway, so Drake tried copying the technique the Americans had been using from the start: they aimed at the masts, sails and rigging, in order to slow the opponent down.</p><br>
<p>The combatants were very close together, but never close enough for grappling, probably because Captain Jones knew of the extra men hidden below decks on Drake. As well as the great guns, both sides were firing small arms at each other, and here, too, Drake was at a disadvantage. The ship&#39;s magazine lacked cartridge paper; and when the musketeers ran out of cartridges, they had to laboriously load their guns by pouring in the right amount of powder, then putting in the shot. Musket balls were passed round in the armourer&#39;s hat, and two powder horns were shared between all the men on duty. With the other side much better organised, such inefficiency meant the difference between life and death. Drake killed just one of Jones&#39;s crew, Lieutenant Samuel Wallingford, by musket fire; another two—who were firing from positions in the mast tops—died as the by-product of a broadside. Five of Drake crew were killed, including, just under an hour into the fight, Captain Burdon himself, struck in the head by a musket ball. With both the captain and lieutenant out of action, command of Drake passed to the master, John Walsh.</p><br>
<p>By that time, Drake sails and rigging had been reduced to tatters by Ranger broadsides, and even the masts and yardarms were seriously damaged; in the light wind, the sloop was more or less immobilised, not even able to turn to aim a broadside. Unable to load fast enough, the small-arms fighters had retreated to cover, so only about a dozen people were left on Drake main deck. A few minutes after the captain died, the two remaining petty officers on deck went to the master and advised him that they should strike their colours and surrender; after further consultation, he agreed. The colours had already been shot away, so Mr. Walsh had to shout and wave his hat instead. According to John Paul Jones&#39;s records, the duel lasted one hour and five minutes.</p><br>
<h2>Aftermath</h2><br>
<p>Thirty-five men were sent from Ranger to Drake to take charge and assess the damage; and the next three days were spent making repairs, while moving slowly north-westward between Ireland and Scotland. A cargo brig which came too close was captured, and used as extra accommodations. On the other hand, six Irish fisherman who had been captured on the first Carrickfergus expedition were allowed, along with three sick Irish sailors, to take a boat and go home, with a present of sails from Drake, and some money from Jones. On their return they reported the concern Jones was showing for Lieut. Dobbs, who remained gravely ill. Meanwhile, the Royal Navy had sent out some proper warships in pursuit. Despite Drake lameness, they never caught a glimpse of the slowly escaping Americans. The only real trouble Jones had was with his Lieutenant, Thomas Simpson, who had command of the Drake and at one point on the voyage sailed out of sight.</p><br>
<p>The news of the battle reached France much faster than Jones did, and the Americans were welcomed as heroes. As for the British, they had learned their lesson well—the Royal Navy could not defend British shipping, nor British coasts, nor even its own fighting vessels against American raiders. Militia regiments were hastily redeployed to coastal areas; seaports equipped themselves with artillery to defend themselves against further raids; and the gentry banded together in volunteer battalions as a last line of defence. Thenceforward, the press paid very close attention to every move John Paul Jones made; struggling to reconcile the malicious rumours of his murders and piracy with the evidence of his chivalrous and far from bloodthirsty behaviour on the Ranger mission (back in France, he wrote kind and thoughtful letters to the Earl of Selkirk, and to the family of Lieut. Dobbs, who had died within a couple of days).</p><br>
<p>John Paul Jones had gone from being an obscure Scottish-American to an international star; and the naval duel in the North Channel was the unequivocally triumphant climax to a remarkable mission, which demonstrated that the world&#39;s most powerful nation was as vulnerable to attack as any other. The press reports of his preparations for his next mission created a climate of fear and uncertainty which helped turn his return visit in 1779 into his best-remembered achievement.</p><br>
<p>The Church of the Assumption Catholic Church was dedicated in 1874 and is the oldest existing church in Saint Paul in the state of Minnesota . It is located at 51 West Seventh Street, in downtown Saint Paul. The building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The parish was founded in 1856 by Bishop Joseph Crétin. At that time, immigrants from Germany were arriving, and the single Catholic parish in St. Paul mainly served French and Irish settlers, with services in Latin and sermons in their own languages. The first building was a plain stone structure with a wooden steeple on West Ninth Street. The founding pastor was Father George Keller. After Fr. Keller was transferred to Faribault, Minnesota in 1858, staffing of the parish was met by priests and brothers from St. John&#39;s Abbey (Order of St. Benedict) in Collegeville, Minnesota.</p><br>
<p>By 1869 the parish had outgrown the small chapel and a new building was urgently needed. The churchs construction was ordered by then-Archbishop John Ireland, who wanted the citys growing Catholic German immigrant population to have a parish of their own. It was built in a plain Romanesque style of Lake Superior limestone by German Catholics, and is said to have been modeled after the Ludwigskirche in Munich. The architect, Joseph Reidel, was a court architect for the Wittelsbach family in Bavaria, Germany.</p><br>
<p>The interior design of the church has remained substantially unchanged since the late 19th century. The statue of the Blessed Virgin Mary in the high altar came from the first church. There are shrines to Thérèse of Lisieux and Maria-Hilf; altars for the Blessed Mother and St. John the Baptist, St. Joseph, and St. Lawrence; tapestries of the Good Samaritan and the Sts. Peter and Clemens Society; and other works of art.</p><br>
<p>As the parish grew, five daughter churches were spun off: Sacred Heart, St. Francis de Sales, St. Matthew&#39;s,</p><br>
<p>Church of St. Agnes and Church of St. Bernard.</p><br>
<h2>Staff</h2><br>
<p>Pastor: Father Stephen O&#39;Gara</p><br>
<p>Pastor Emeritus: Father John Malone</p><br>
<p>Parochial Vicar: Father Greg Skrypek</p><br>
<p>Parish Administrator: Julie Malecha</p><br>
<p>Director of Music and Liturgy: Fred Graham</p><br>
<p>The Watuppa Ponds are two large, naturally occurring, spring-fed, glacially formed ponds located in Fall River and Westport, Massachusetts. Watuppa is a native word meaning "place of boats". The two ponds were originally one body of water , connected by a narrow rocky straight called "The Narrows" located on a thin strip of land between the two ponds which forms part boundary of between Fall River and Westport. The border between Fall River and Westport is also divided between the two ponds. Together, the ponds have an overall north-south length of about 7.5 miles , and have an average east-west width of about a mile. The ponds are drained by the Quequechan River, and flows in a westerly direction through the center of Fall River from South Watuppa Pond to Mount Hope Bay.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>With a surface area of 1,805 acres, (1760 acres) The North Watuppa Pond is the second-largest naturally occurring body of water within Massachusetts. It is about 4.2 miles long in the north-south direction, and averages about a mile in width. The North Watuppa Pond has 12.4 miles of shoreline and has a maximum depth of 25 feet and is strictly off limits to the public for any recreation. It has been used as the City of Fall Rivers primary drinking water supply since 1873, when the Fall River Waterworks was built on its western shore, at the end of Bedford Street. It drains into South Watuppa Pond by a small channel at its southern end, in an area known as The Narrows. The northeastern shore of North Watuppa Pond, known as Copicut Reservation, is sparsely developed, and contains a vast area of protected land as part of the citys water supply. Several small streams drain into the pond, including King Philip Brook, Queen Gutter Brook, and Blossom Brook, among others. The north end of North Watuppa Pond is crossed by a stone causeway, at the end of Wilson Road. The western shore of the reservoir contains a man-made canal that diverts stormwater runoff from the city to South Watuppa Pond. Public access to North Watuppa Pond restricted, and the area is regularly patrolled by the City&#39;s Water Department. All activities including fishing, boating, swimming or skating are strictly prohibited. Including the pond swamp north of the causeway The North and South Watuppa Ponds together represent a complete 7.5 to 8 mile body of water.</p><br>
<p>The South Watuppa Pond contains 1,551 acres (1446 acres), and is the third-largest naturally occurring body of water within Massachusetts. The trumpet-shaped pond is about 3.0 miles long. It is about 0.5 miles wide at its southern end and about 1.5 miles wide at its northern end, with a large cove on the Westport side. The South Watuppa Pond contains 10.4 miles of shoreline and is on average 15 feet deep and contains maximum depth of 22 feet. It is fed by a combination of springs and streams, including Sucker Brook near its eastern shore which flows from Stafford Pond in nearby Tiverton, Rhode Island, as well as from the south by Stony Brook, which drains Sawdy Pond and Devol Pond. South Watuppa Pond is a popular fishing area with boat access from a city-managed public boat ramp located off the end of Jefferson Street, in an area known as "Dave&#39;s Beach". Some common fish species in the pond include Largemouth bass, Smallmouth bass, Tiger muskie, White perch and Black Crappie.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Prior to the 1862 boundary adjustment between Massachusetts and Rhode Island, South Watuppa Pond was located entirely within the town of Tiverton, Rhode Island, as was the southern third of North Watuppa Pond.</p><br>
<p>North Watuppa Pond once contained several ice houses along its western shore, beginning in the 1840s. The granite walls of one of these ice houses, built in 1864 by Robert Cook and William Durfee, still exist on a peninsula near the end of New Boston Road, at what was once known as Interlachen, the estate of Spencer Borden, founder of the Fall River Bleachery. Interlachen once contained a large mansion, gardens, horse pastures and a network of bridle paths. The house was demolished after the city acquired the land by eminent domain for the protection of the water supply. The foundation is all that remains of the Borden mansion today, and the land has mostly reverted to woods.</p><br>
<p>Until 1872, small steam-boats carried passengers from downtown Fall River to a picnic area on the eastern shore of North Watuppa Pond in Westport known as Adirondack Grove.</p><br>
<p>In 1875, the Fall River Railroad was completed along the north shore of South Watuppa Pond, over the Narrows. It provided a rail link from New Bedford to the eastern part of Fall River. The line carried freight traffic until the early 1980s. Eventually, the road connecting Fall River with Westport became designated as USA Route 6. It originally ran along the southern edge of North Watuppa Pond, creating a small pond between the road and the railroad, that became a popular spot for recreation, including ice skating in the winter. The adjacent north shore of South Watuppa Pond was for many years occupied by boat clubs, restaurants and other recreational establishments.</p><br>
<p>The Fall River Expressway was built along the western shore of North Watuppa Pond in the early 1950s. Now known as Route 24, it was later extended toward Tiverton along the western shore of South Watuppa Pond. In 1963, Interstate 195 was constructed through the Narrows dividing North and South Watuppa Ponds. Route 6 was re-routed to the south along Martine Street, and the small pond was filled in.</p><br>
<p>Historically, several textile factories have been located on the northern shores of South Watuppa Pond, including the Fall River Bleachery, Kerr Thread Mills, Lincoln Manufacturing Company, Stevens Manufacturing Company and Heywood Narrow Fabric Company. The eastern and southwestern shores of the pond is currently surrounded by many private residences, and public access is fairly limited. Many of these residences were damaged during the historic floods of March 2010.</p><br>
<p>The pond is also used for many recreational sports such as tubing, knee boarding and wake boarding and water skiing. The former railroad bed has also been converted into a multi-use rail trail.</p><br>
<p>The First Congregational Parsonage is a former clergy house in Wabasha, Minnesota, United States. It was built in 1872 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982 for being one of the city&#39;s finest examples of a frame Italianate building. However in 1987 it was moved from its original location at 305 Second Street West due to construction of the Wabasha–Nelson Bridge. Removed from its historic context in a riverfront residential district, the parsonage was delisted from the National Register in 1992.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The First Congregational Parsonage is a two-story frame building with a front wing and a slightly smaller rear wing. The cubiform front wing measures 26.5 by while the rear section measures 21 by. The building has a low-pitched hip roof whose eaves are supported by evenly spaced brackets. Both sections have clapboard siding with corner boards.</p><br>
<p>The main wing has sash windows set in segmental arch wood surrounds with infill at the tops of the arches. The main entry is offset on the front façade, balanced by paired windows on the first and second floor. This doorway has a clear glass transom window. The main entrance originally had a decorative open porch, which was later replaced by a simpler porch with a hip roof and plain columns. What was originally the east side elevation has a cantilevered bay with a bracketed cornice on the first floor and a paired sash window on the second. The windows of the rear section are double-hung in simple wood frames.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The First Congregational Parsonage was built in 1872 to house clergy for the adjacent Congregational Church of Wabasha. The congregation had been organized in February 1856, making it Wabashas second-oldest religious group, and the church had been built in 1866. The parsonages first occupant was Reverend C. K. Honeyman.</p><br>
<p>The building served as clergy housing until 1955, when it became a secular private home. The church officially sold the property in 1959, and it went through a succession of owners over the next two decades. In 1979 new owners Dr. Jay and Warya Greenberg had the interior remodeled to serve as a chiropractic clinic. It continued to serve in that function for the next seven years.</p><br>
<p>In 1986 the Minnesota Department of Transportation was building a new bridge to carry Minnesota State Highway 60 over the Mississippi River into Nelson, Wisconsin, and the First Congregational Parsonage was on property needed to build the bridge approach. The Department of Transportation worked with the Minnesota State Historic Preservation Office to move the historic building to a new site within Wabasha. The house was moved the following year to 100 Coulee Way.</p><br>
<p>In its new location it became a bed and breakfast known as the Cottonwood Inn. It was so named because it was adjacent to one of the largest cottonwood trees in Wabasha County.</p><br>
<p>Taylors Falls Public Library is the public library of Taylors Falls, Minnesota, United States, still operating in its original 19th-century building. Originally constructed as a tailor shop in 1854, the building was remodeled and converted into a library in 1887. Taylors Falls Public Library was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1970 for its local significance in the themes of architecture and education. It was nominated for being an intact example of small-town libraries as they existed before Carnegie libraries and bookmobiles, and for its Carpenter Gothic/Stick style architecture.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Taylors Falls Public Library is a one-story, two-room building measuring 32 ft long and 14 ft wide. It is of wood frame construction with clapboard siding on a sandstone foundation. The front door is capped by a Gothic Revival canopy and flanked by Stick style windows with Eastlake Movement decorations. Elaborately sawn and turned ornaments adorn the bargeboards and front façade. A 14 by lean-to abuts the rear.</p><br>
<p>Inside the front room features a plastered barrel-vault ceiling, while the back room has a pressed tin ceiling.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The building was originally constructed as a simple tailor shop in 1854 by John Jacob Spengler, who operated his business in the front and lived in the back room with his family. Spengler sewed uniforms for Union soldiers during the American Civil War. In 1887 the building was sold to the Taylors Falls Library Association for use as a library. Thomas Peck converted the building to its new use and added ornamentation typical of the late 19th century. The rear lean-to was added some time later.</p><br>
<p>The library continues to operate in the building, with a collection of 10,000 items.</p><br>
<p>Nye Mountain is a mountain located in Essex County, New York, named after William B. Nye , an Adirondack mountain guide.</p><br>
<p>Nye Mountain is part of the Street Range of the Adirondack Mountains; it is flanked to the southwest by Street Mountain.</p><br>
<p>Nye Mountain stands within the watershed of the West Branch of the Ausable River, which drains into Lake Champlain, thence into Canada&#39;s Richelieu River, the Saint Lawrence River, and into the Gulf of Saint Lawrence.</p><br>
<p>The west side of Nye Mtn. drains into the headwaters of the Chubb River, thence into the West Branch.</p><br>
<p>The north end of Nye Mtn. drains into the Chubb River.</p><br>
<p>The east side of Nye Mtn. drains into the northern Indian Pass Brook, thence into the Ausable&#39;s West Branch.</p><br>
<p>Nye Mountain is within New York&#39;s Adirondack Park.</p><br>
<p>According to the 1901 USGS survey, Nye Mountain&#39;s elevation was 4,170 ft, and its peak was 540 ft above the col separating it from Street Mountain — more than the 4,000 ft of elevation and 300 ft of prominence needed to qualify for inclusion on the list of the Adirondack High Peaks.</p><br>
<p>However, the 1953 survey measured the elevation to be only 3,895 ft.</p><br>
<p>The 1999 survey measured the nominal summit at 44.18726&deg;N latitude, 74.02382&deg;W longitude to be only 1,170–1,180 m (3,839–3,871 ft) — less than a point 0.4 mi south along the ridge to Street. Nye Mountain is in the northeast corner.</p><br>
<p>Although Nye and three other mountains are no longer thought to meet the Adirondack Mountain Club&#39;s qualifications for the list of High Peaks, the club has chosen to keep the traditional list of peaks, without updating.</p><br>
<p>Schechs Mill is a historic mill in Houston County, Minnesota, United States. It is one of three watermills in Minnesota still operating solely with water power and the only one to have its original millstones. Built by John Blinn in 1876, it was purchased by a Minneapolis miller, Michael Schech who had emigrated from Bavaria, Germany. The mill produced cornmeal, rye buckwheat, wheat flour, graham flour, and whole wheat cereal, which was sold in Caledonia and Houston, Minnesota. Schechs Mill is unique in the state for retaining intact and operable machinery from the 1870s, after the middlings purifier had been introduced but before millstones were supplanted by roller mills. In 1922, a concrete dam was built to replace the original wooden one.</p><br>
<p>Schech Mill is situated in the Driftless Area a region of the American Midwest noted for its deeply carved river valleys.</p><br>
<p>Private tours of the mill can be arranged most summer weekends which include an authentic flour grinding demonstration.</p><br>
<p>Street Mountain is a mountain located in Essex County, New York, named after Alfred Billings Street , a poet and New York State Librarian.</p><br>
<p>The mountain is the high point of the Street Range of the Adirondack Mountains.</p><br>
<p>Street&#39;s northeast ridge is Nye Mountain.</p><br>
<p>Street Mountain stands within the watershed of the Saint Lawrence River, which drains into the Gulf of Saint Lawrence.</p><br>
<p>The southeast, east, and northeast slopes of Street Mtn. drain into the northern Indian Pass Brook, thence into the West Branch of the Ausable River, and Lake Champlain, thence into Canada&#39;s Richelieu River, and the Saint Lawrence River.</p><br>
<p>The north and northwest slopes of Street Mtn. drain into the headwaters of the Chubb River, thence into the Ausable&#39;s West Branch.</p><br>
<p>The west end of Street Mtn. drains into the northern Moose Creek, and thence into the Cold River, the Raquette River, and the Saint Lawrence River in Canada.</p><br>
<p>The southwest slopes of Street Mtn. drain into Roaring Brook, thence into Duck Hole pond, the source of the Cold River.</p><br>
<p>Street Mountain is within the High Peaks Wilderness Area of New York&#39;s Adirondack Park.</p><br>
<p>The Femco Farms consisted of five farm properties established in Wilkin County, Minnesota, United States, in the 1920s and 30s to experiment with livestock breeding and agricultural diversification. They were created by Frederick E. Murphy, publisher of the Minneapolis Tribune newspaper, to demonstrate improved techniques like crop rotation that could benefit farmers. The Femco Farms became famous for their influential practices, and especially for their incredibly productive dairy cows. The best preserved of the five properties, Femco Farm No. 2, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980 for its local significance in the area of agriculture.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Ordered by his doctor in 1918 to spend more time outdoors to combat frail health, newspaper publisher Frederick E. Murphy moved from Minneapolis to his wife&#39;s family farm in Wilkin County. He had long dreamed of experimenting with improved agricultural techniques, and began buying farm properties in the area. The name he gave them, "Femco", was based on his initials.</p><br>
<p>The Femco Farms grew oats, barley, corn, alfalfa, sweet clover, rye, and flax. More importantly, Murphy invested exclusively in purebred livestock, namely Percheron horses, Duroc Jersey hogs, McKarrow Shropshire sheep, white Orpington chickens, and Holstein dairy cows. The farms experimented with stock raising, crop rotation, and soil fertilization, and promoted diversified farming—rather than the usual focus on a few cash crops—as the solution to many of the agricultural challenges of the day.</p><br>
<p>However the Femco Farms were particularly famous for their dairy cows, winning numerous awards. One Holstein cow, Lady Pride, was showcased at the 1932 Minnesota State Fair. At the time she produced more butter than any other cow, yielding 35,626 lbs of milk and 1,483 lbs of butter in one year; at the time, the average cow yielded 4,000 lbs of milk and 170 lbs of butter. Another Holstein, Daisy Aaggie Ormsby III, produced 1,607 lbs of butter over the course of a year, a new record. Murphy claimed that the yields his animals achieved could be reproduced by typical farmers using his techniques.</p><br>
<p>Murphy became president of the Minneapolis Tribune in 1921 and moved back to Minneapolis. After his death in 1940, the Femco Farm properties were auctioned off to separate owners. His award-winning dairy herds were sold as well, with some cows fetching $4,000 each.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The original Femco Farm No. 1 is located 5 mi north of Breckenridge, Minnesota. Though its structures are quite dilapidated, it is readily visible from USA Route 75. Femco Farm No. 2 is in Roberts Township just north of Kent. Farm No. 3 was in Mitchell Township, No. 4 was located just north of No. 1, and No. 5 was in Manston Township. A sixth property known as Femco No Number, at which the farms&#39; manager lived, was one mile north of Breckenridge.</p><br>
<h2>Femco Farm No. 2</h2><br>
<p>Femco Farm No. 2 totaled 1,200 acre. It was established in 1922, and 12 structures were built that year or shortly after. Still extant at the time of the propertys National Register nomination in 1979 were the foreman and workers house, a granary, milk house, dairy barn, silo, hog barn, sheep barn, horse barn, and machine shed. Three original structures—a chicken coop, windmill, and guest house for Murphy—had been demolished. The dairy barn is particularly distinctive, consisting of two large gambrel-roofed wings joined by a connecting hallway with its own gambrel roof.</p><br>
<p>Femco Farm No. 2 was nominated to the National Register of Historic Places as the best preserved of the five Femco Farms, which "had a lasting impact on the agricultural history of Wilkin County—and through its breeding stock, on USA agriculture."</p><br>
<p>The Potomac Water Gap is a double water gap in the Blue Ridge Mountains, located at the intersection of the states of Virginia, West Virginia and Maryland, near Harpers Ferry. At 256 ft, it is the lowest crossing of the Blue Ridge Mountains.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>As the Potomac River approaches the Blue Ridge on the eastern edge of the Shenandoah Valley, the river turns to the south paralleling the ridge to Bolivar, West Virginia, where it then cuts east, past Harpers Ferry to its confluence with the Shenandoah River at the western edge of the first gap between Blue Ridge Mountain to the south in Virginia and West Virginia and Elk Ridge Mountain to the north in Maryland. The River continues east for 4 mi, passing through the White Horse Rapids, before reaching the second gap between the Short Hill Mountain to the south in Virginia and South Mountain to the north in Maryland.</p><br>
<p>USA Route 340 and the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad both pass through the Potomac Water Gap. Historically, the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal passed through the gap as well.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The history of the gap is inexorably tied to that of Harpers Ferry and the surrounding area. When Thomas Jefferson came to the town he remarked, while viewing the gap from Jefferson Rock on the ridge above the town, that "the view was worth a trip across the Atlantic." In 1859, Robert E. Lee, leading a detachment of Marines, passed through the gap en route to Harpers Ferry to put down John Brown&#39;s raid. During the American Civil War, the gap was used frequently by both Confederate and Union Armies to pass through the mountains and was the scene of fighting at the Battle of Harpers Ferry. Today, like the town, the gap, in addition to a thoroughfare, is a tourist destination. It is part of two national parks, Harpers Ferry National Historical Park and the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park, and the scenic Appalachian Trail passes through it as well.</p><br>
<p>The Wallabi Group is the northern-most group of islands in the Houtman Abrolhos. Nominally located at , it is 58 km from the Australian mainland, and about 9 km from the Easter Group.</p><br>
<p>The group consists of a number of islands arising from a carbonate platform 17 km long and up to 10 km wide, and also the outlying North Island, located 14 km to the northwest of the main platform. The main islands are North Island, West Wallabi Island, East Wallabi Island, Long Island and Beacon Island. The group is part of the Houtman Abrolhos Important Bird Area, identified as such by BirdLife International because of its importance for supporting large numbers of breeding seabirds.</p><br>
<p>The Wallabi Group is best known for the shipwreck of the Batavia on Morning Reef near Beacon Island in 1629, and the subsequent mutiny and massacres that took place among the marooned survivors. Another wreck for which the location is known is the Hadda, which was wrecked off Beacon Island in April 1877 and now lies about a kilometre north of it.</p><br>
<h2>Components of the island group</h2><br>
<p>*Acute Bank</p><br>
<p>*Assail Bank</p><br>
<p>*Beacon Island</p><br>
<p>*East Wallabi Island</p><br>
<p>*Long Island</p><br>
<p>*North Island</p><br>
<p>*North East Reef</p><br>
<p>*Pigeon Island (Houtman Abrolhos)</p><br>
<p>*Shag Rock (Houtman Abrolhos)</p><br>
<p>*South Passage (Houtman Abrolhos)</p><br>
<p>*Suda Bay Passage</p><br>
<p>*The Flat (Houtman Abrolhos)</p><br>
<p>*Traitors Island</p><br>
<p>*West Wallabi Island</p><br>
<p>Tern Island is a tiny coral island located in the French Frigate Shoals in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, at {{coord|23.870|-166.284|type:isle_region:UM|display=inline,title}}, approximately 490 mi west north west of Oahu. It has a land area of 105,276 m&sup2;. The island provides a breeding habitat to 18 species of seabirds, threatened Hawaiian green sea turtles, and endangered Hawaiian monk seals. It is maintained as a field station in the Hawaiian Islands National Wildlife Refuge by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>After the Battle of Midway, the U.S. Navy built a Naval Air Station on Tern Island, enlarging the island sufficiently to support a 3300 ft. (1005 m) landing strip. The Station&#39;s main function was as an emergency landing site for planes flying between Hawaii and Midway Atoll. The original seawall, runway, and some of the buildings remain.</p><br>
<p>The aforementioned Naval base operated from 1942 to 1946, and a U.S. Coast Guard station operated from 1952 until 1979. In 1969, a tsunami wiped out much of the station, and it had to be rebuilt.</p><br>
<p>A Piper Aztec has landed over 600 times at Tern Island. There are typically monthly flights to Honolulu for mail, but heavier cargo typically comes by water. An alternative is email, either by satellite phone or the island&#39;s broadband internet connection.</p><br>
<p>The old U.S. Coast Guard barracks continued to be used into the 21st century. Upgrades include the cleanup of old waste, improved water tanks, and solar power. The solar power runs a reverse osmosis water maker, capable of producing 1200 gallons a day. There is also a diesel generator with a 500-gallon fuel tank.</p><br>
